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Neuro final > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

the corpus striatum has ______ subdivisions. The neostriatum is _______ divided into 2 parts by the __________

A
  1. 3
  2. one nucleus
  3. ant. limb of internal capsule
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2
Q

what separates the globus palladius ?

A

internal medullary lamina

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3
Q

What do the GPe and GPi stand for?

A

GPe external

GPi internal

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4
Q

what are the2 parts of the neo striatum?

A

caudate nucleus

Putamen

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the corpus striatum?

A

Striatum
Globus pallidus
Amygdaloid nuclear complex

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6
Q

Where does the amygdaloid complex develop from?

A

Telencephalon, but is functionally associated with Limbic system

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7
Q

what 2 other structures are FUNCTIONALLY related to basal ganglia?

A
  1. sub thalamic nuclei

2. Substantia Nigra

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8
Q

What are the 4 sub thalamic nuclei?

A

VA
VL
DM
CM

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9
Q

what are the 2 parts of Substantia nigra and what neurons do they have?

A
  1. Pars compacta SNc - dopamine, black pigment

2. Pars reticularis SNr - GABA neurons

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10
Q

What other structures are ANATOMICALLY related to corpus striatum?

A
  1. lentiform nucleus
    globus pallidus and Putamen
  2. Claustrum: bounded by external and extreme capsules
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11
Q

what nucleus plays a role in coordination of synergistic movements?

A

Pedunculopontine nucleus

- sets up a rhythmic cholinergic input to striatum

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12
Q

T/F: then basal ganglia connects widespread areas of the cortex with circumscribed parts of motor cortex, limbic cortex, or frontal lobe association.

A

true

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13
Q

what is the function of the caudate nucleus?

A

cognitive function/processing

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14
Q

what is the function of the putamen?

A

Motor function

- habit formation

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15
Q

what does the dorsal vs. ventral striatum do?

A

dorsal: involved with caudate and putamen
Ventral: involved with limbic system and emotion

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16
Q

what is the difference between indirect and direct circuits?

A

Direct: facilitates motor activity
Indirect: Inhibits motor activity

17
Q

what is the nigrostriatal pathway?

What fibers are involved?

A
  • dopamine containing fibers from SNc to striatum &

- GABA fibers from Striatum back to SNc

18
Q

T/F: theres direct output of basal ganglia to spinal cord LMN, but not to brainstem

A

False

No direct efferent pathways

19
Q

what are the major efferents?

A

GPe and SNr

-They go to thalamic nuclei

20
Q

what other efferent modulates the tectospinal pathway? Any others?

A

SNr

21
Q

the primary mechanism underlying function of basal ganglia is _____. Inhibition of a _______. How is this accomplished?

A
  • disinhibition
  • tonically active inhibitory pathway
  • by a balance of signals from direct and indirect circuits, conversion on output nuclei GPi and SNr
22
Q

what are the cells in the GPi linked to?

A

remembered motor tasks

23
Q

what is the direct circuit pathway?

A

widespread areas of cortex (glutamate) –> striatum (GABA) –> GPi and SNr (GABA) –> thalamic nuclei (glutamate) –> frontal lobe cortex

24
Q

what is the indirect circuit pathway?

A

widespread areas of cortex –> striatum –> GPe (GABA) –> subthalmic nuclei –> frontal lobe cortex

25
Q

what are the cells in the GPi linked to?

A

thalamus

26
Q

T/F: cells of GP are not spontaneously active as they are controlled by cortical (nigral) activation of quiet stratal cells (caudate & putamen)

A

False

-spontaneous

27
Q

What is the 2nd function of the basal ganglia? What does it mean for an Alzheimers pt?

A

Procedural learning,
- ability to learn and replicate automatic motor skills
Alzheimers patients can learn new motor tasks, but not new facts.

28
Q

what is the blood supply of the basal ganglia?

A

striatal and ganglionic arteries

29
Q

what are the 3 hyperkinetic disorders?

A

Athetosis
Choreas
Ballismus

30
Q

what is Athetosis?

A

(oriental dancer)

31
Q

what is Choreas

A

jerking movements.

32
Q

what is Ballismus?

A

violent flinging movements

33
Q

What is the hypothesis for these 3 hyperkinetic disorders?

A

indirect circuit is cut and permits direct circuit to drive movements unopposed

34
Q

What is the one Hypokinetic disorder?

A

parkinson disease

35
Q

what happens with Parkinson?

A

degeneration of nigrostriatal/dopaniergic neurons.

36
Q

What is the hypothesized mechanism for parkinsons?

A

Loss of control over UMN (Frontal cortex) results in loss of voluntary control of alpha LMN

Neuro final (8 decks)

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