ANS

Question 1

what is the primary function of the ANS?
What controls it?
Its coordinated to what?

Answer 1

1. homeostasis
2. hypothalamus
3. CNS, endocrine, immune systems

Question 2

T/F: the ANS is a sensory system

Answer 2

F: motor

Question 3

How is the final common pathway of ANS different than the somatic motor system?

Answer 3

• 2 neuron chain LMN organization

- preganglionic neuron (CNS) and post ganglionic neuron (ANS)

Question 4

what are the target tissues of the postganglionic (ANS) neurons?

Answer 4

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands

Question 5

what are the 2 major divisions of ANS?
SNS ________
PSNS _______

Answer 5

• thoracolumbar

- craniosacral

Question 6

SNS preganglionic cell bodies?

Location ?

Answer 6

-located in interomedial cell column (lateral horn) of spinal cord levels –
T1-L2 (thoracolumbar)

Question 7

SNS preganglionic cell bodies?

Direction of short myelinated axon?

Answer 7

sympathetic chain ganglion

Question 8

SNS preganglionic cell bodies?

Neurotransmitter?

Answer 8

Acetylcholine

Question 9

SNS postganglionic cell bodies?

- location?

Answer 9

-ventral roots of spinal nerves T1-L2

Question 10

SNS postganglionic cell bodies?

Direction?

Answer 10

target organs

Question 11

SNS postganglionic cell bodies?

Neurotransmitter?

Answer 11

norepinephrine

Question 12

SNS postganglionic cell bodies?

Innervation?

Answer 12

adrenal medulla

-releases norepinephrine hormonally

Question 13

PSNS preganglionic cell bodies

location?

Answer 13

Interomedial cell column (horn) of S2-S4

cranio sacral

Question 14

PSNS preganglionic cell bodies

direction?

Answer 14

peripheral ganglion

Question 15

PSNS preganglionic cell bodies

Neurotransmitter?

Answer 15

Ach

Question 16

PSNS postganglionic cell bodies

location?

Answer 16

ganglion located near target organ

Question 17

PSNS postganglionic cell bodies

Neurotransmitter?

Answer 17

Ach

Question 18

Divergence:

Answer 18

preganglionic axon can synapse on more than one postganglionic cell body

Question 19

Convergence

Answer 19

several preganglionic axons can synapse on one single postganglionic cell body

Question 20

What system controls the tone of smooth muscles?

What changes flow?

Answer 20

SNS

-pre capillary sphincters

Question 21

What parts of the eye are controlled by SNS vs. PNS?

Loss of each results in what?

Answer 21

constrictor pupillae - PSNS
dilator pupillae - SNS

Loss of PSNS - dilation of pupil to unopposed SNS tone
Loss of SNS - Horners syndrome -

Question 22

T/F: cord lesions that leave sacral levels intact result in loss of micturition (urination) reflex

Answer 22

F

Question 23

Bladder control?

Answer 23

SNS- relax detrusor to fill bladder

PSNS- contract detrusor to empty

Question 24

What has a powerful influence on the ANS by way of influencing hypothalamus?

Answer 24

Limbic system

Question 25

_____ serves as the UMN of the ANS. Descending info projects to both SNS and PNS via _________ pathways

Answer 25

• hypothalamus

- RF

Question 26

What emotions does the hypothalamus help you express in terms of motor activity?
Where do such emotions arise?

Answer 26

• rage, fear, aversion

- limbic system

Question 27

what occurs with rage?

What structures get activated?

Answer 27

-defensive behaviors
-Medial hypothalamus and medial amygdala
-

Question 28

What does each structure do in terms of rage?

Answer 28

• Medial hypo- motor manifestation of rage

- medial amygdala - emotional component of rage

Question 29

rage behaviors elicited by innocuous (not normally disturbing) stimuli is due to what?

Answer 29

tumors;

Damage to temporal limbic structures, amygdala, or hippocampus