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neuro exam 3 > limbic system > Flashcards

limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the limbic lobe

A
  • Telencephalic structures that circle the interventricular foramen of Monro and border the
    diencephalon
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2
Q

what matter is the limbic lobe comprised of

A
  • Comprised of grey matter with a histological
    structure simpler than that of neocortex
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3
Q

what does the limbic lobe include

A

Includes: parahippocampal gyrus and
hippocampus, retrosplenial area, cingulate gyrus,
subcallosal gyri.

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4
Q

what is the limbic system
Location an function

A
  • Structures that interface between the cortex
    and the hypothalamus and modulate the motivational and emotional functions
    initiated by the hypothalamus
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5
Q

what does the limbic system include

A
  • Limbic system includes all structures that
    are linked to the limbic lobe and that
    project, ultimately, to the hypothalamus or
    its targets
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6
Q

what does the limbic recieve input from
What does it modulate

A
  • Limbic system structures receive cortical
    input and modulate hypothalamic functions.
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7
Q

the lumbic system functions in controll of ____ , ____, and ______

A

emotion, motivated behavior, and memory

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8
Q

what do lesions of limbic structures not result in

A
  • Lesions of limbic structures do not result in
    paralysis or sensory deficits.
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9
Q

how do seizures activity or eliectrical stimulation in limbic strucuters produce

A

Seizure activity or electrical stimulation in
limbic structures do not produce clonic
movements or sensory perceptions.

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10
Q

what does excititation of limbic structures evoke

A
  • Excitation of limbic structures evokes
    emotional states or memory fragments
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11
Q

papez circuit

A
  • Start in the hippocampus
  • Output pathway of the HPC is the fornix
  • Fornix ends in mammillary bodies, which project to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (AT) via the mammillothalamic tract (MThT)
  • From the AT, there are fibers that project through the internal capsule to the cingulate
    gyrus
  • Cingulate gyrus project to the entorhinal cortex, which feeds cortical information to the
    hippocampus.
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12
Q
A

fornix ( top)
hippocampus ( bottom)

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13
Q
A

Fx
HPC
EC = entorhinal cortex: cortical input to the hippocampus

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

where does the fornix terminate

A

mammilary bodies

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16
Q
A

MThT: mammillothalamic tract
AT = anterior nucleus of the thalamus
Output of AT → cingulate gyrus of the cortex via the internal capsule

17
Q
A
18
Q
A
19
Q
A
20
Q

declerative memory

A

short term memory > consolidation» long term memory

21
Q

memory theory
- what is it
- what is involoved in memory consolidation

A

Theory: when we learn something, it enters our short term memory. If we study it over and over
(pyramidal fibers pierce the pons!), information will get consolidated and put into long term
memory. This process of going from short to long term memory is called memory consolidation.
The hippocampus is involved in memory consolidation.

22
Q

who is henry gustav molasion

A

he had a degeneratied hippocampis on one side and this was producing seizures.
his hippocampus was taken out on the opposite side in an attempt to stop the seizure.
- he then had bilateral hippocampaeltomy bc both of his hippmcampuses were non funcitonal

23
Q

what did HM have

A

Severe memory deficit.
- Loss of memory consolidation
-

24
Q

place cells of hippocampus function

A

d – spatial navigation

25
Q

what would happen if you put HM in a new city vs back at home

A

HM: you couldn’t put him in a new city; he’d get lost. But if you put him back in montreal, he could
get along just fine since that was in his long term memory before his hippocampus degenerated
and his surgery

26
Q

role of hippocampus

A
  • Memory consolidation
  • Spatial navigation
27
Q

what is the uncus next to
- what is inside the uncus

A

uncus is next to the parahippocampal gyrus. Inside the uncus is the amygdala

28
Q
A
29
Q

amygdala pathways

A
  • Stria terminalis
  • Ventral amygdalofugal pathway
30
Q
A

ST = stria terminalis. Like the fornix. Has a c-shape, and goes from the amygdala to the
hypothalamus.
VAF = ventral amydalofugal pathway. more direct route from amygdala to the hypothalamus

31
Q

what emotion is the amygdala associated with

A

fear

32
Q

what is a major target of the amygdala

A

hypothalmus

33
Q

what are the major inputs and outputs of the amygdala

A

Hypothalamus
– Brainstem
– Hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
– Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus
– Anterior cingulate cortex
– Prefrontal cortex
– Olfactory tract

34
Q

role of amygdala

A

Amygdala is the integrative center for
emotions, emotional behavior and
motivation.

35
Q

kluver-bucy syndrome symptoms
- removed amygdala bilaterally in monkeys what were the symptoms

A
  • Tameness
  • Lack of fear and other emotional reactions
  • Hypersexuality
  • Bulemia
  • Oral tendencies
  • Hypermetamorphosis
36
Q

temporal lobe epilepsy

A
  • aggression
  • panic attacks
37
Q

lesions of amygdala

A
  • placidity
  • flatness of affect
  • failure to discriminate emotional expressions
  • loss of emotional memory processing
38
Q

path when you see something scary

A
  • If someone sees
    something scary like a snake, the visual pathway goes to the thalamus directly (via the dotted
    blue arrow) to the amygdala → fear/panic reaction.
  • Later, the person analyzes it (pathway to the visual cortex, then to the amygdala) and recognizes
    that it’s just a garden snake and nothing to fear

neuro exam 3 (10 decks)

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