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neuro exam 3 > hypothalmus > Flashcards

hypothalmus Flashcards

1
Q

what is the hypothalus involoved in

A

The hypothalamus is involved in those functions that require the integration of somatic, autonomic and endocrine mechanisms with motivated behavioral
expression.
Feeding
fight
flight
reproduction

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2
Q

what is the hypothalmius autonomiccaly linked to

A

◼ reticular formation (especially autonomic
centers)
◼ limbic system ( memory/emotion)
◼ pituitary gland ( endocrine system)

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3
Q

what are the boundaries of the hypothalmus

A

◼ Caudal: mammillary body
◼ dorsal/superior: hypothalamic sulcus
◼ Rostral: lamina terminalis
◼ Inferior: optic chiasm, pituitary stalk
◼ Lateral: internal capsule

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4
Q

what are the divisions of the hypothalmus

A

◼ Supraoptic (anterior) hypothalamus ( optic chiasm)
◼ Tuberal (middle) hypothalamus
◼ Mammillary (posterior)
hypothalamus

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5
Q

what are the hypothalmic efferents

A

◼ Medial forebrain bundle (MFB)
◼ Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF)
◼ Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

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6
Q

middle forebrain bundle
- what does it project to

A
  • disorgaized bundle not a typical tract
  • goes to the reticular formation
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7
Q

dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF)
What nervous system does it control

A
  • hypothalmus to the dorsal nucleus to the vagus
  • controls PNS
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8
Q

hypathalmo-hypohyseal tract

A
  • synthesize proteins/hormones that are realeased into blood vessesls
  • connection to the pituitary
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9
Q
A

from other nuclei in the hypothalmus - nuerosecretory neurons that end on bloodvessles/ secrete a hormine into them which then goes to the anterior pituitary to stimulate its homrones

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10
Q

afferents to the hypothalmus

A

◼ Reticular formation (via MFB)
◼ Limbic pathways
◼ Fornix
◼Amygdalar pathways
◼ Monoaminergic pathways

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11
Q

functions of the anteriro hypothalamus

A

◼ Thermoregulation
◼ Water balance
◼ Circadian rhythms
◼ Maternal behavior
◼ Sleep

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12
Q

Anterior hypothalamus : thermo regulation
- responses

A

◼ Somatic (shivering)
◼ Autonomic (sweating, vasomotion)
◼ Behavior ( turning on heat and air conditioner)
- thermoreceptive neurons ( screen blood temp)

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13
Q

mechanism of fever

A

normal > 98.6
fever >103
- not a loss of function but a setpoint that is raised to a higher temp

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14
Q

what are sweat glands innervatred by

A

cholinergic sympathetics

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15
Q

mechanism of fever
- how do NSAIDS affect this

A
  • antipiretic drugs and NSAIDS they nock out COX and reduce body temp
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16
Q

water balance
- what happens when you lose water when its hot

A
  • endocrine relesases ADH ( vasopressin)
  • tells kidney to conserve water
  • causes you to become thirsty and drink water
17
Q

what nucleus is circadian rythm generated by
- what does it recieve and from where
- what happens if there are leasions to the SCM

A

◼ Generated by suprachiasmatic
nucleus (SCN)
◼ SCN receives collaterals from optic
tract (retino-hypothalamic fibers)
◼ Lesions of SCN disrupt 24-hour
temperature, sleep, and endocrine
cycles

18
Q

where is the superchiasmatic nucleus

A
  • above the optic chiasm
19
Q

functions of the tuberal hypothalmus

A

◼ Control of plasma hormone levels
◼ Feeding behavior
◼ Sexual behavior
◼ Aggressive behavior

20
Q

what are feedinf behaviors based on and what happens if there are lesions to these

A

◼ Concept of feeding center (LH) and
satiety center (VMH)
◼ Lesions of LH ( lateral hypothalmuc) induce anorexia
◼ Lesions of VMH (ventral medial hyopthalmus) induce obesity

21
Q

what are the important nuclei of feeding behavior

A

◼ Arcuate nucleus
◼ Paraventricular nucleus

22
Q

sensing metabolic state: feeding hormones

A

◼ Ghrelin- appetite promoting (GI tract)
◼ Insulin (pancreas)
◼ Leptin (adipose tissue)

23
Q

what is feeding behavior conrolled by

A

◼ Behavior
◼ Autonomic (salivary secretion,
gastric secretion)
◼ Metabolic need

24
Q

what is attack behavior evoked by

A

◼ Attack behavior evoked by
stimulation of lateral hypothalamus

25
Q

what us defensive behvaior ekoked by

A

Defense behavior evoked by
stimulation of ventral medial
hypothalamus

26
Q

what is flight behvior ekoked by

A

◼ Flight behavior evoked by
stimulation of dorsal hypothalamus

27
Q

sexual behavior

A

◼ VMN has estrogen receptors
◼ VMN important in female sexual
behavior
◼ Sexually dimorphic nucleus in POA

28
Q

Hypothalamic lesion
what are the signs and symptoms of the this hypothalmic lesions: anteriro pituitary dysfunction

A
  • Gonadal dysfunction
  • Thyroid
  • Cortisol
  • Growth hormone
29
Q

symptoms of posterior pituitary dysfunction

A
  • Diabetes insipidus
30
Q

symptoms of hypthalmic dysfunction

A
  • Polyphagia or starvation
  • Impaired temperature regulation
  • Impaired autonomic function
31
Q

symptoms of horners syndrome

A

miosis
ptosis
anydrosis

neuro exam 3 (10 decks)

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