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Neuro Block 4 > Limbic > Flashcards

Limbic Flashcards

1
Q

HOME

A

Homeostasis Olfactory Memory Emotion

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2
Q

Dentate gyrus

A

Internal part of the hippocampus

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3
Q

Fornix

A

Efferent of hippocampus to the mammillary body of the hypothalamus. The fornix travels above the thalamus

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4
Q

Mammilothalamic tract

A

Info from the hippocampus travels to the hypothalamus along the fornix. It then journeys from the hypothalamus to the thalamus via the mamillothalamic tract.

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5
Q

Stria terminalis

A

Connects the amygdala to the hypothalamus

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6
Q

Papez’s circuit

A

Hippocampus to the fornix to the mammillary bodies to the mammiloththalamic tract to the anterior thalamus to the cingulate gyrus ( through the internal capsule) to the cingulum ( this white matter tract) to the parahippocampus to teh entorrhinal cortex and finally to teh perforant pathway to thake you back to the hippocampus.

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7
Q

use of the entorrhinal cortex

A

Declarative memory as well as spatial memories and memory consolidation

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8
Q

Effect of herpes on limbic system

A

Severe behavioral and memory disturbances. Herpes virus has a specific affinity for the hippocampus

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9
Q

NT characteristic of papez circuit

A

The papez circuit is characterized by a high density of cholinergic innervation and opiate receptors which is how we link emotions to memory.

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10
Q

Uncal seizure

A

The entire limbic system can be implicated by uncal seizure that is preceded by a terrible smell

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11
Q

Perforant Path

A

Path from the Entorhinal cortex to the Dentate of the hippocampus

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12
Q

Providers of cholinergic input for the brain

A

Septal nuclei and nucleus basalis of Meynert provide cholinergic input for the brain (memory)

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13
Q

Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine system

A

critical for positive reinforcing brain mechanisms. (drugs and pleasure).

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14
Q

Outer core structures of the limbic system

A

These will be cortical in function. The orbital cortex, cingulate gyrus and the entorhinal cortex.

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15
Q

Damage to outer cortex of limbic system

A

Significant personality changes, disinhibition, impulsivity, shild-like behaviour

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16
Q

Entorrhinal cortex

A

Anterior part of the prahippocampal gyrus, associated with olfaction and memory

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17
Q

Outer core-cortical components

A

A) Cingulate cortex
-rostral-emotions and motor
-caudal-visual spatial memory
B) Orbital frontal lobe
- personality, behavior control and self awareness
c) Temporal lobe (hippocampus, parahippocampus, entorhinal cortex)
-memory

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18
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Pleasure center, autonomic, endocrine integration.

Neurons project to the pituitary, regulate ACTH and TSH secretion; involved in maternal behavior , blood pressure , feeding, temperature regulation and immune response

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19
Q

Amgydala

A

” preservation of self” behaviors, emotion, social behavior, aggression and defense response, sexual behavior, affective significane of visual stimuli, affect of faces, affective regulations

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20
Q

Septum

A

” preservation of species” behaviors, sexual behavior, emotionality

21
Q

Medial forebrain bundle

A

Connects hypothalamic nuclei and amygdala and brainstem nuclei

22
Q

Perforant path

A

Connection from the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus

23
Q

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

A

Agnosia= psychic blindness = cannot detect the meaning of objects base on visual criteria
Oral tendencies= examine all objects by mouth
Hypermetamorphosis= notice and react to every visual stinulus
Tameness = no motor or vocal reactions with fear or anger
Hypersexuality

24
Q

Kluver-Bucy etiology

A 
Post traumatic encephalopathy
Herpetic viral encephalitis
Anoxia
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Pick's dz ( frontotemporal dementia and degradation of the brain) 
Alzheimer's dz
Bilateral temporal infarction
Focal status epilepticus
BASICALLY BILATERAL TEMPORAL CORTEX AND AMYGDALA LESIONS
25
Q

Geshwind syndrome symptoms

A

Increased concern with philosophical, cosmic, or religious issues
Altered sexual behaviour (usually Hyposexuality)
Hypergraphia- extensive writing that is typically religous or philisopical in nature such as diaries, pome essays and sermons
Viscosity - or a tendency towards interpersonal stickiness, difficulty in breaking off conversation

26
Q

Geschwind syndrome etiology

A

Sensory limbic hyperconnection - strenghtening of synaptic connections

27
Q

Most pleasurable regions

A

Lateral hypothalamus
Medial forebrain bundle ( connects hypothal and septum)
Nucleus accumbens
Catecholamines and dopamine systems are implicated in location of effective self-stimulation

28
Q

Most important for motivational processes

A

The mesolimbic dopamine system

29
Q

Stimulation of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus or lesion of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

A

RAGE

30
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus nucleus lesion

A

Pain, rage or strong aversion reactions and long lasting hyperemotionality

31
Q

PTSD and the amygdala

A

Amygda networks support classical fear conditioning and plays a role in PTSD, a disorder characterized by inability to extinguish fear memories.

32
Q

Visual stimuli and amygdala

A

Amygdala attributes affective significance to visual stimuli.

33
Q

Amygdala lesions

A

lead to tameness or reduced emotionality. Amygdala is tied to sensory association areas which participate in modulation of emotional reactions.

34
Q

Epilepsy

A

Discharges in amygdala are most frequently associated with affective phenomena in patients with epilepsy

35
Q

Integrated in the amygdala

A

Amygdala in humans plays a major role in the integration of emotions, fear, and memory

36
Q

3 major nuclei needed for the acquisition of declarative memory

A

Hippocampus
Dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus
Mammillary nuclei

Whether lesioned in isolation or together lead to amnestic states.

37
Q

Hippocampal formation

A

The hippocampus, dentate gyrus and subiculum

38
Q

Major afferent of the hippocampal formation

A

Fornix

39
Q

Major efferent of the hippocampal formation

A

Preforant tract

40
Q

Neurons from EC

A

Project to dentate, synapse with granule cells, and then i

41
Q

Episodic memory learning needs

A

Hippocampus

42
Q

Some causes of memory disorders

A 
Dementia
Head trauma
Stroke
Wernicke Korsakoffs
Hippocampal lesion ( could be due to seizures, PCA stroke etc.)
43
Q

Anterior cingulate gyrus

A

Emotion and motor fxn

44
Q

Posterior cingulate gyrus

A

Visuospatial and memory fxn

45
Q

Cingulate lesion

A

Contralateral motor neglect (attention)
Behavioral changes
- in Humans: apathy, disinhibition, placidity, depression, anxiety, obsessive CD, heightened sexuality, bulimia,
if bilateral = Akinetic mutism

46
Q

Orbital frontal lesion

A

Disinhibited, tactless, bawdy, boastful, grandiose, restless, impulsive, inattentive, perseverative, tendency to dress carelessly and eat gluttonously.

47
Q

Frontal/convexity or dorsolateral lesion

A

Apathetic, slow, demonstrating little initiative or spontainetiy, responding in an automaton like manner, vacancy of expression

48
Q

Medial frontal

A

akinetic mutism, inert, speechless, with intact sleep wake cycle, “ motionless, mindless, wakefulness” loss of drive to move or speak

Neuro Block 4 (7 decks)

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