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anatomy of the individual > limb surface anatomy > Flashcards

limb surface anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the limbs?

A

permit interaction w/ the environment through mainipulation of objects (upper limbs) and locomotion (lower limbs)

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2
Q

where do the trunks of the brachial plexus lie?

A

in the supraclavicualr notch posterior to the middle thread of the clavicle

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3
Q

where does the lateral part of the clavicle end?

A

at the acromioclavicualr joint

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4
Q

large movements of the upper limb require what movement?

A

movement of the scapula across the body wall

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5
Q

what separates the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?

A

the intertubercualr groove aka bicipital groove

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6
Q

what lies in the inter tubercular / bicipital groove?

A

the long tendon of biceps brachii

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7
Q

what muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

A

extensor capri radialis brevis

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8
Q

where does triceps brachii insert?

A

into the olecranon process of the ulna

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9
Q

the head of the radius rotates in which two movements?

A

pronation and supination

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10
Q

where do flexors of the forearm originate from?

A

the. medial epicondyle of the humerus

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11
Q

what bone is directly distal to the ulna?

A

triquetral bone

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12
Q

what bone sits on the anterior surface of triquetral?

A

pisiform

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13
Q

what type of joint are all inter carpal joints?

A

all synovial plane joints

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14
Q

what movement is permitted between carpal bones (at inter carpal joints)?

A

small gliding movements are permitted

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15
Q

two small branches of which nerve pass around the hook of hamate?

A

ulnar nerve

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16
Q

what is the anatomical snuffbox?

A

a triangular depression on the dorsum of the hand at the base of the thumb

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17
Q

what are the 3 structures found in the anatomical snuffbox?

A

radial artery
branch of radial nerve
cephalic vein

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18
Q

what bony structure can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?

A

the first metacarpal

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19
Q

what type of joint is at the base of the thumb?

A

synovial saddle joint

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20
Q

what movement is permitted by the presence of a synovial saddle joint at the base of the thumb?

A

opposition

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21
Q

when and where will the tendon of palmaris longus appear if the muscle is present?

A

it will appear just medial to the tendon of flexor carpi radials when the fist is clenched and the wrist is fixed

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22
Q

tendons of what muscle can be seen on the posterior surface of the hand?

A

extensor digitorum

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23
Q

what is the most common pulse point?

A

the radial artery

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24
Q

how can the axillary artery be palpated?

A

press upwards and laterally to compress the axillary artery on the lateral wall of the axilla

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25
Q

what is at risk of being compressed when palpating the axillary artery?

A

the chords of the brachial plexus

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26
Q

how can the brachial artery be palpated?

A

compress the brachial artery against the humerus on the medial side of the biceps tendon

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27
Q

how can the ulnar artery be palpated?

A

it is difficult to palpate but may be felt at the wrist just lateral to the pisiform bone

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28
Q

where do superficial veins of the upper limb originate?

A

from the dorsal venous arch of the hand

29
Q

describe the course of the cephalic vein

A

it runs from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch through the roof of the anatomical snuffbox and along the lateral border of the forearm

30
Q

where does the cephalic vein end?

A

as it pierces the clavipectoral fascia to drain into the axillary vein

31
Q

describe the course of the basilic vein

A

it runs from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch and along the medial side of he forearm and pierces the deep fascia to join w. the brachial veins to form the axillary veins

32
Q

what is the communicating vein between the cephalic and basilic vein called?

A

the median cubital vein

33
Q

what 3 structures attach to the anterior superior iliac spine?

A

the inguinal ligament
sartorius muscle
tensor fascial latae

34
Q

where does the iliotibial tract arise from?

A

the posterior superior iliac crest

35
Q

how can the ischial tuberosities be felt?

A

can be felt under the gluteal region when sitting down

36
Q

where do the hamstring muscles attach?

A

the the ischial tuberosity

37
Q

what is the easiest structure of the knee to palpate?

A

the patella

38
Q

which 2 structures does the patella lie between?

A

the quadriceps tendon superiorly and the patellar tendon inferiorly

39
Q

what direction does the patella move when the knee is flexed?

A

posteroinferiorly

40
Q

what bone is the medial malleolus from?

A

the tibia

41
Q

what bone is the lateral malleolus from?

A

the fibula

42
Q

which 3 bones of the foot can be easily palpated ?

A

talus
navicular
medial cuneiform

43
Q

what tendon is palpable at the posterior aspect of calcaneus?

A

tendocalcaneus

44
Q

what nerve roots are involved in the Achilles tendon reflex?

A

ventral horn of S1 nerve root
tibial nerve

45
Q

where can the femoral artery be palpated?

A

in the groin area just below the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

46
Q

where does the femora artery become the popliteal artery?

A

in the popliteal fossa

47
Q

where does the popliteal artery lie?

A

deep in the popliteal fossa

48
Q

why is the popliteal artery difficult to palpate?

A

because it lies deep w/in the poplitieal fossa

49
Q

where does the anterior tibial artery arise from?

A

the popliteal artery

50
Q

where does the anterior tibial artery lie?

A

deep in the anterior compartment of the leg

51
Q

the anterior tibial artery sends several branches to where?

A

the dorsum of the foot

52
Q

where does the dorsals pedis artery arise from?

A

the anterior tibial artery

53
Q

where can the dorsalis pedis artery be palpated?

A

between the first and second metatarsals

54
Q

where doe the posterior tibial artery lie?

A

deep in the posterior compartment of the leg

55
Q

where is the posterior tibial artery palpable?

A

posterior to the medial malleolus

56
Q

what branches does the posterior tibial artery give?

A

medial and lateral plantar arteries in the sole of the foot

57
Q

where do superficial veins of the lower limb arise from?

A

the dorsal venous arch of the foot

58
Q

where does the great saphenous vein originate from?

A

the medial side of the dorsal venous arch

59
Q

describe the course of the great saphenous vein

A

originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch and passes over the anterior surface of the medial malleolus and runs over the medial aspect of the leg to ascend the medial aspect of the thigh to drain into the femoral vein

60
Q

where does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

the femoral vein

61
Q

where does the small saphenous vein originate from?

A

the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch

62
Q

explain the course of the small saphenous vein

A

originates from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch and passes posterior to the lateral malleolus to pass into the posterior aspect of the calf to drain into the popliteal vein at the popliteal fossa

63
Q

explain the course of the tibial nerve

A

it lies w/in the popliteal fossa and then passes deep to gastrocnemius and soleus in the calf and passes into the sole of the foot to form the medial and lateral plantar nerves

64
Q

what 2 nerves does the tibial nerve form in the sole of the foot?

A

the medial and lateral plantar nerves

65
Q

where is the common peroneal nerve formed?

A

from the sciatic nerve in the thigh

66
Q

what does the common peronal nerve divide into?

A

into superficial and deep peroneal nerves

67
Q

where does the deep peroneal nerve lie?

A

deep in the anterior compartment of the leg

68
Q

where does the superficial peroneal nerve lie?

A

on the anterolateral aspect of the leg and passes into the dorsum of the foot

anatomy of the individual (7 decks)

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