limb surface anatomy

Question 1

what is the function of the limbs?

Answer 1

permit interaction w/ the environment through mainipulation of objects (upper limbs) and locomotion (lower limbs)

Question 2

where do the trunks of the brachial plexus lie?

Answer 2

in the supraclavicualr notch posterior to the middle thread of the clavicle

Question 3

where does the lateral part of the clavicle end?

Answer 3

at the acromioclavicualr joint

Question 4

large movements of the upper limb require what movement?

Answer 4

movement of the scapula across the body wall

Question 5

what separates the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?

Answer 5

the intertubercualr groove aka bicipital groove

Question 6

what lies in the inter tubercular / bicipital groove?

Answer 6

the long tendon of biceps brachii

Question 7

what muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

Answer 7

extensor capri radialis brevis

Question 8

where does triceps brachii insert?

Answer 8

into the olecranon process of the ulna

Question 9

the head of the radius rotates in which two movements?

Answer 9

pronation and supination

Question 10

where do flexors of the forearm originate from?

Answer 10

the. medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 11

what bone is directly distal to the ulna?

Answer 11

triquetral bone

Question 12

what bone sits on the anterior surface of triquetral?

Answer 12

pisiform

Question 13

what type of joint are all inter carpal joints?

Answer 13

all synovial plane joints

Question 14

what movement is permitted between carpal bones (at inter carpal joints)?

Answer 14

small gliding movements are permitted

Question 15

two small branches of which nerve pass around the hook of hamate?

Answer 15

ulnar nerve

Question 16

what is the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 16

a triangular depression on the dorsum of the hand at the base of the thumb

Question 17

what are the 3 structures found in the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 17

radial artery
branch of radial nerve
cephalic vein

Question 18

what bony structure can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 18

the first metacarpal

Question 19

what type of joint is at the base of the thumb?

Answer 19

synovial saddle joint

Question 20

what movement is permitted by the presence of a synovial saddle joint at the base of the thumb?

Answer 20

opposition

Question 21

when and where will the tendon of palmaris longus appear if the muscle is present?

Answer 21

it will appear just medial to the tendon of flexor carpi radials when the fist is clenched and the wrist is fixed

Question 22

tendons of what muscle can be seen on the posterior surface of the hand?

Answer 22

extensor digitorum

Question 23

what is the most common pulse point?

Answer 23

the radial artery

Question 24

how can the axillary artery be palpated?

Answer 24

press upwards and laterally to compress the axillary artery on the lateral wall of the axilla

Question 25

what is at risk of being compressed when palpating the axillary artery?

Answer 25

the chords of the brachial plexus

Question 26

how can the brachial artery be palpated?

Answer 26

compress the brachial artery against the humerus on the medial side of the biceps tendon

Question 27

how can the ulnar artery be palpated?

Answer 27

it is difficult to palpate but may be felt at the wrist just lateral to the pisiform bone

Question 28

where do superficial veins of the upper limb originate?

Answer 28

from the dorsal venous arch of the hand

Question 29

describe the course of the cephalic vein

Answer 29

it runs from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch through the roof of the anatomical snuffbox and along the lateral border of the forearm

Question 30

where does the cephalic vein end?

Answer 30

as it pierces the clavipectoral fascia to drain into the axillary vein

Question 31

describe the course of the basilic vein

Answer 31

it runs from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch and along the medial side of he forearm and pierces the deep fascia to join w. the brachial veins to form the axillary veins

Question 32

what is the communicating vein between the cephalic and basilic vein called?

Answer 32

the median cubital vein

Question 33

what 3 structures attach to the anterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 33

the inguinal ligament sartorius muscle tensor fascial latae

Question 34

where does the iliotibial tract arise from?

Answer 34

the posterior superior iliac crest

Question 35

how can the ischial tuberosities be felt?

Answer 35

can be felt under the gluteal region when sitting down

Question 36

where do the hamstring muscles attach?

Answer 36

the the ischial tuberosity

Question 37

what is the easiest structure of the knee to palpate?

Answer 37

the patella

Question 38

which 2 structures does the patella lie between?

Answer 38

the quadriceps tendon superiorly and the patellar tendon inferiorly

Question 39

what direction does the patella move when the knee is flexed?

Answer 39

posteroinferiorly

Question 40

what bone is the medial malleolus from?

Answer 40

the tibia

Question 41

what bone is the lateral malleolus from?

Answer 41

the fibula

Question 42

which 3 bones of the foot can be easily palpated ?

Answer 42

talus navicular medial cuneiform

Question 43

what tendon is palpable at the posterior aspect of calcaneus?

Answer 43

tendocalcaneus

Question 44

what nerve roots are involved in the Achilles tendon reflex?

Answer 44

ventral horn of S1 nerve root tibial nerve

Question 45

where can the femoral artery be palpated?

Answer 45

in the groin area just below the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

Question 46

where does the femora artery become the popliteal artery?

Answer 46

in the popliteal fossa

Question 47

where does the popliteal artery lie?

Answer 47

deep in the popliteal fossa

Question 48

why is the popliteal artery difficult to palpate?

Answer 48

because it lies deep w/in the poplitieal fossa

Question 49

where does the anterior tibial artery arise from?

Answer 49

the popliteal artery

Question 50

where does the anterior tibial artery lie?

Answer 50

deep in the anterior compartment of the leg

Question 51

the anterior tibial artery sends several branches to where?

Answer 51

the dorsum of the foot

Question 52

where does the dorsals pedis artery arise from?

Answer 52

the anterior tibial artery

Question 53

where can the dorsalis pedis artery be palpated?

Answer 53

between the first and second metatarsals

Question 54

where doe the posterior tibial artery lie?

Answer 54

deep in the posterior compartment of the leg

Question 55

where is the posterior tibial artery palpable?

Answer 55

posterior to the medial malleolus

Question 56

what branches does the posterior tibial artery give?

Answer 56

medial and lateral plantar arteries in the sole of the foot

Question 57

where do superficial veins of the lower limb arise from?

Answer 57

the dorsal venous arch of the foot

Question 58

where does the great saphenous vein originate from?

Answer 58

the medial side of the dorsal venous arch

Question 59

describe the course of the great saphenous vein

Answer 59

originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch and passes over the anterior surface of the medial malleolus and runs over the medial aspect of the leg to ascend the medial aspect of the thigh to drain into the femoral vein

Question 60

where does the great saphenous vein drain into?

Answer 60

the femoral vein

Question 61

where does the small saphenous vein originate from?

Answer 61

the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch

Question 62

explain the course of the small saphenous vein

Answer 62

originates from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch and passes posterior to the lateral malleolus to pass into the posterior aspect of the calf to drain into the popliteal vein at the popliteal fossa

Question 63

explain the course of the tibial nerve

Answer 63

it lies w/in the popliteal fossa and then passes deep to gastrocnemius and soleus in the calf and passes into the sole of the foot to form the medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 64

what 2 nerves does the tibial nerve form in the sole of the foot?

Answer 64

the medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 65

where is the common peroneal nerve formed?

Answer 65

from the sciatic nerve in the thigh

Question 66

what does the common peronal nerve divide into?

Answer 66

into superficial and deep peroneal nerves

Question 67

where does the deep peroneal nerve lie?

Answer 67

deep in the anterior compartment of the leg

Question 68

where does the superficial peroneal nerve lie?

Answer 68

on the anterolateral aspect of the leg and passes into the dorsum of the foot