limb surface anatomy Flashcards
what is the function of the limbs?
permit interaction w/ the environment through mainipulation of objects (upper limbs) and locomotion (lower limbs)
where do the trunks of the brachial plexus lie?
in the supraclavicualr notch posterior to the middle thread of the clavicle
where does the lateral part of the clavicle end?
at the acromioclavicualr joint
large movements of the upper limb require what movement?
movement of the scapula across the body wall
what separates the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?
the intertubercualr groove aka bicipital groove
what lies in the inter tubercular / bicipital groove?
the long tendon of biceps brachii
what muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
extensor capri radialis brevis
where does triceps brachii insert?
into the olecranon process of the ulna
the head of the radius rotates in which two movements?
pronation and supination
where do flexors of the forearm originate from?
the. medial epicondyle of the humerus
what bone is directly distal to the ulna?
triquetral bone
what bone sits on the anterior surface of triquetral?
pisiform
what type of joint are all inter carpal joints?
all synovial plane joints
what movement is permitted between carpal bones (at inter carpal joints)?
small gliding movements are permitted
two small branches of which nerve pass around the hook of hamate?
ulnar nerve
what is the anatomical snuffbox?
a triangular depression on the dorsum of the hand at the base of the thumb
what are the 3 structures found in the anatomical snuffbox?
radial artery
branch of radial nerve
cephalic vein
what bony structure can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?
the first metacarpal
what type of joint is at the base of the thumb?
synovial saddle joint
what movement is permitted by the presence of a synovial saddle joint at the base of the thumb?
opposition
when and where will the tendon of palmaris longus appear if the muscle is present?
it will appear just medial to the tendon of flexor carpi radials when the fist is clenched and the wrist is fixed
tendons of what muscle can be seen on the posterior surface of the hand?
extensor digitorum
what is the most common pulse point?
the radial artery
how can the axillary artery be palpated?
press upwards and laterally to compress the axillary artery on the lateral wall of the axilla
what is at risk of being compressed when palpating the axillary artery?
the chords of the brachial plexus
how can the brachial artery be palpated?
compress the brachial artery against the humerus on the medial side of the biceps tendon
how can the ulnar artery be palpated?
it is difficult to palpate but may be felt at the wrist just lateral to the pisiform bone
where do superficial veins of the upper limb originate?
from the dorsal venous arch of the hand
describe the course of the cephalic vein
it runs from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch through the roof of the anatomical snuffbox and along the lateral border of the forearm
where does the cephalic vein end?
as it pierces the clavipectoral fascia to drain into the axillary vein
describe the course of the basilic vein
it runs from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch and along the medial side of he forearm and pierces the deep fascia to join w. the brachial veins to form the axillary veins
what is the communicating vein between the cephalic and basilic vein called?
the median cubital vein
what 3 structures attach to the anterior superior iliac spine?
the inguinal ligament
sartorius muscle
tensor fascial latae
where does the iliotibial tract arise from?
the posterior superior iliac crest
how can the ischial tuberosities be felt?
can be felt under the gluteal region when sitting down
where do the hamstring muscles attach?
the the ischial tuberosity
what is the easiest structure of the knee to palpate?
the patella
which 2 structures does the patella lie between?
the quadriceps tendon superiorly and the patellar tendon inferiorly
what direction does the patella move when the knee is flexed?
posteroinferiorly
what bone is the medial malleolus from?
the tibia
what bone is the lateral malleolus from?
the fibula
which 3 bones of the foot can be easily palpated ?
talus
navicular
medial cuneiform
what tendon is palpable at the posterior aspect of calcaneus?
tendocalcaneus
what nerve roots are involved in the Achilles tendon reflex?
ventral horn of S1 nerve root
tibial nerve
where can the femoral artery be palpated?
in the groin area just below the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
where does the femora artery become the popliteal artery?
in the popliteal fossa
where does the popliteal artery lie?
deep in the popliteal fossa
why is the popliteal artery difficult to palpate?
because it lies deep w/in the poplitieal fossa
where does the anterior tibial artery arise from?
the popliteal artery
where does the anterior tibial artery lie?
deep in the anterior compartment of the leg
the anterior tibial artery sends several branches to where?
the dorsum of the foot
where does the dorsals pedis artery arise from?
the anterior tibial artery
where can the dorsalis pedis artery be palpated?
between the first and second metatarsals
where doe the posterior tibial artery lie?
deep in the posterior compartment of the leg
where is the posterior tibial artery palpable?
posterior to the medial malleolus
what branches does the posterior tibial artery give?
medial and lateral plantar arteries in the sole of the foot
where do superficial veins of the lower limb arise from?
the dorsal venous arch of the foot
where does the great saphenous vein originate from?
the medial side of the dorsal venous arch
describe the course of the great saphenous vein
originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch and passes over the anterior surface of the medial malleolus and runs over the medial aspect of the leg to ascend the medial aspect of the thigh to drain into the femoral vein
where does the great saphenous vein drain into?
the femoral vein
where does the small saphenous vein originate from?
the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch
explain the course of the small saphenous vein
originates from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch and passes posterior to the lateral malleolus to pass into the posterior aspect of the calf to drain into the popliteal vein at the popliteal fossa
explain the course of the tibial nerve
it lies w/in the popliteal fossa and then passes deep to gastrocnemius and soleus in the calf and passes into the sole of the foot to form the medial and lateral plantar nerves
what 2 nerves does the tibial nerve form in the sole of the foot?
the medial and lateral plantar nerves
where is the common peroneal nerve formed?
from the sciatic nerve in the thigh
what does the common peronal nerve divide into?
into superficial and deep peroneal nerves
where does the deep peroneal nerve lie?
deep in the anterior compartment of the leg
where does the superficial peroneal nerve lie?
on the anterolateral aspect of the leg and passes into the dorsum of the foot
