Lighting And Hvac

Question 1

When considering energy retrofits. Basic principles should be considered:

Answer 1

1- cornerstone design strategies.
2- energy-saving lighting design tactics.

Question 2

Cornerstone design strategies

Answer 2

• Provide appropriateilluminance levels without over lighting.
• use efficient lamps, ballasts and luminaires.
• Reduce electric lighting usagewith controls.

Question 3

Energy-sawing lighting design tactics:

Answer 3

Optimize architecture to provide day light in frequently occupied spaces. - apply light-colored ( high reflectance) surface finishes - cluster similar tasks to improve lighting sys Ee _ locate luminaires close to tasks that require higher illuminance - use LED luminares_ use high-eff ballasts with good ballast factor- use high eff lamps - illuminate walls and ceilings to increase perception of brightness- use task lighting - use daylight sensors - use occupancy sensors - use riming sensors - use smart sensors (dimming).

Question 4

HVAC

Answer 4

Mechanical HVAC systems are designed to provide thermal comfort und IAQ

Question 5

How to select HVAC system

Answer 5

Type of system, efficiency, components- control strategies to minimize energy consumption und maximize comfort

Question 6

To accomplish deep energy retrofit several elements must be addressed:

Answer 6

When replacing HVAC with new one, utilize high performance components that meet energy standards -separating systems for ventilation makeup air, humidity management, building pressurization for temp control. - use property sealed and insulated ductwork as well as insulated water lines - use energy recovery from exhaust air.

Question 7

Requirements for mechanical equipment

Answer 7

Must be suitably sized and fulfill efficiency criteria in national standards - equipment efficiency should be calculated based on optimal performance of partial load not peak performance - HVAC performance is total system efficiency not simply component efficiencies

Question 8

Dedicated outdoor air system DOAS

Answer 8

Operates at constant volume , it cannot meet all thermal roads of space it requires parallel complementary system to accommodate sensible and latent loads

Question 9

DOAS air flow rates generally are dictated by

Answer 9

IAC needs based on standards- latent road (humidity control needs) makeup air for bathroom and kitchen exhausts- building pressurization 10 prevent infiltration, which helps to reduce heating und cooling loads.

Question 10

Heat recovery components

Answer 10

Rotary air-to-air energy exchanger-heat pipe heat exchanger _ fixed plate cross flow heat exchanger

Question 11

Buck insulation

Answer 11

External duct insulation- internal duct insulation