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Biology 1 Q2 > Light Dependent Reactions > Flashcards

Light Dependent Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

the primary source of light energy on our planet.

A

sun

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2
Q

Plants utilize all the colors of light except ________ when they
photosynthesize. This reflection of
light makes this the color of plants.

A

green

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3
Q

photosynthetic reaction

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → (chlorophyll and sunlight) C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

2 stages of photosynthetic reaction

A

light reaction & calvin cycle

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5
Q

structure of chloroplast from outside to inside

A

intermembrane space - inner membrane - stroma - thylakoid membrane - thylakoid lumen

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6
Q

where does light reaction occur

A

thylakoid (membrane)

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7
Q

light reaction sequence

A

photosystem II - plastoquinone - cytochrome complex (CYT B6-F) - plastocyanin - photosystdm I - ferredoxin - ferredoxin NADP reductase - atp synthase

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8
Q

light-dependent reaction electron carriers

A

plastoquinone
cytochrome complex
plastocyanin
Ferredoxin

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9
Q

the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of 2 electrons from Fd to
NADP+
* This results in taking an H+
from the stroma.

A

Ferredoxin NADP Reductase (FNR)

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10
Q

Powered by the diffusion
of H+ from the lumen to
the stroma, it binds ADP
with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to produce ATP.

  • diffusion of H+ - energy - ATP
A

ATP Synthase

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11
Q

how many H+ are required to produce ATP

A

3

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12
Q

the capture of light energy by chlorophyll that results in the release of energized electrons

  • its electrons gain energy and move to higher energy levels in the molecule
A

chlorophyll photoactivation/photoexcitation

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13
Q

A thylakoid membrane protein complex comprised of light-
harvesting pigments.

A

photosystem

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14
Q

components of photosystem

A
  • antennae complexes
  • reaction center complexes
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15
Q

component of photosystem

-light-harvesting system
-light energy or photons excites the electrons in photopigments
and the energy is being
transferred to its neighbor
photopigments.
-composed of different
photopigments (chlorophyll a, b, c, carotenoids) and proteins

A

antennae complexes

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16
Q

contains a special pair of
chlorophyll molecules that
transfer excite electrons to
primary electron acceptor

A

reaction center complexes

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17
Q

two types of photosystem

A

photosystem 1 and 2

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18
Q

what is the special chlorophyll molecule in photosystem II

A

P680 (effectively absorbs light
with a wavelength of 680nm)

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18
Q

the first link in the chain of photosynthesis. It captures photons and uses the energy to extract electrons from water molecules.

  • contains an oxygen-evolving complex (OEC, involved in the photolysis of water during the light reaction of photosynthesis. It is a water-oxidizing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation (loss of electrons) of water into dioxygen, protons, and electrons
A

photosystem II

19
Q

the primary electron acceptor in Photosystem II

A

pheophytin

20
Q

provides energy to reduce NADP to NADPH, which is required for carbon fixation and other synthetic processes.

A

photosystem I

21
Q

the special chlorophyll molecule of photosystem I

A

P700 (chlorophyll a. is effective in absorbing light with a wavelength of 700nm.)

22
Q

primary acceptor of photosystem I

A

chlorophyll A

23
Q

Splitting of water molecules into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen gas in the presence of excited chlorophyll.

H2O + light —–> 2H+ + 2e- + O

A

photolysis

24
Q

series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation. It occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

A

electron transport chain

24
Q

series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation. It occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

A

electron transport chain

25
Q

one of the electron acceptors associated with Photosystem II in photosynthesis. It accepts two electrons and is reduced to Plastoquinol and as such acts as an electron and energy carrier in the electron transport process

(goes back to being this after the electron is transferred)

A

plastoquinone

26
Q

functions to mediate the transfer of electrons and of energy between the two photosynthetic reaction center complexes, Photosystem II and Photosystem I, while transferring protons from the chloroplast stroma across the thylakoid membrane into the lumen

  • where H+ is pumped to the lumen.
A

cytochrome complex

27
Q

a copper-containing protein that plays a role in the electron transport process associated with photosynthesis. It serves as an electron transfer agent between the cytochrome complex which follows Photosystem II and the entry point to Photosystem I of the non-cyclic electron transfer process.

A

plastocyanin

28
Q

they transfer electrons from photoreduced Photosystem I to ferredoxin NADP(+) reductase in which NADPH is produced for CO(2) assimilation.

A

ferredoxin

29
Q

During the light-dependent reactions, an electron that’s excited in ______ is passed down an electron transport chain to _____ (______ energy along the way). In here, the electron is excited again and passed down the second leg of the electron transport chain to a final electron acceptor, producing ______

A

PSII, PSI, losing, NADPH

30
Q

what drives the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH via the enzyme FNR.

A

electron transport

30
Q

what drives the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH via the enzyme FNR.

A

electron transport

31
Q

Transfer of light energy absorbed by chlorophyll to molecules of ATP.
-the conversion of ADP to ATP using the energy of sunlight by activation of PSII.

A

photophosphorylation

32
Q

(the “standard” form of the light-dependent reactions), electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH. This process requires light to be absorbed twice, once in each photosystem, and it makes ATP

  • Both Photosystem I and II are involved.
  • P680 is the active reaction centre.
    -Electrons travel in a non – cyclic manner.
  • Electrons from Photosystem I are accepted by NADP.
  • Both NADPH and ATP molecules are produced.
  • Photolysis of water is present.
  • NADPH is synthesized.
  • Oxygen is evolved as a by-product
  • This process is predominant in all green plants.
A

non-cyclic photophosphorylation

33
Q

the process in which organisms (like prokaryotes), just accomplish the conversion of ADP to ATP for immediate energy for the cells.
- the excited electrons in PSI transported by ferrodoxin and cytochrome back to PSI.

-Only Photosystem I is involved.
- P700 is the active reaction centre.
- Electrons travel in a cyclic manner.
- Electrons revert to Photosystem I
- ATP molecules are produced.
- Water is not required.
- NADPH is not synthesized.
- Oxygen is not evolved as the by-product
- This process is predominant only in bacteria.

A

cyclic photophosphorylation

34
Q

input in light-dependent reaction

A

12H2O + 12NADP+ + 18ADP + 18Pi + light energy and chlorophyll

35
Q

output of light-dependent reaction

A

6O2 + 12NADPH + 18ATP

36
Q

what is atp and nadph used for in photosynthesis

A

The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle.

37
Q

an energy diagram for electron transfer in the “light reactions” of plant photosynthesis. It applies equally well to photosynthesis by algae and cyanobacteria. The vertical energy scale shows each molecule’s ability to transfer an electron to (i.e., to reduce) the next one from left to right.

A

z-scheme

38
Q

which photosystem is only present in humans and other primitive bacteria (no NADPH, instead of H2o, hydrogen sulfates)

A

photosystem 1

39
Q

the only bacteria that can produce photosynthesis and has both photosystems

A

cyanobacteria

40
Q

which photosystem comes first

A

PSII comes first in the path of electron flow, but it is named as second because it was discovered after PSI

41
Q

which part of the chloroplast has a high concentration of H+

A

lumen

42
Q

why is there an electron produced in the photolysis of water

A

to say there is a reaction (oxidation, subreaction)

The electrons released from the photolysis of water are used to replace the electrons lost by the photosystem II. Photosystem II replaces the electrons that are lost by the photosystem I. Photosystem I provides the electrons for the production of NADPH.

43
Q

refers to the process of moving ions (e.g. protons) to the other side of a biological membrane, and as a result, an electrochemical gradient is generated. This can then be used to drive ATP synthesis.

  • movement of H+ across ATP synthase
A

chemiosmosis

44
Q

what happens in light reaction (5)

A
  • Chlorophyll Photoactivation
  • Photolysis of Water
  • Linear Electron Flow
  • Reduction of NADP+
  • Photophosphorylation

Biology 1 Q2 (9 decks)

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