Cellular Respiration and The Role of Mitochondrion Flashcards
a process that involves the oxidation and reduction of
molecules to produce energy in the form of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP).
- REDOX process.
- catabolic pathway
Cellular Respiration
Overall formula of cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
glucose is ___________ into carbon dioxide
oxidised
oxygen is __________ into water
reduced
gaining H or losing O
- gaining electrons
reduction
gaining O or losing H.
- losing electrons
oxidation
what cellular respiration:
- does not require O2
- inorganic molecules such as NO3- (nitrate) and SO4-2 (sulfate) other than oxygen accept electrons at the electron transport chains to produce ATP (in fermentation, there is no electron acceptor),
- Maximum yield of 2 ATP molecules per glucose for
obligate anaerobes - happens in the muscle cells of humans and other prokaryotic organisms like methanogens.
anaerobic respiration
what cellular respiration:
- requires O2
- Oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain ultimately producing ATP
- Maximum yield of 36 to 38 ATP molecules per glucose
aerobic respiration
obligate vs. facultative anaerobe
Obligate anaerobes cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. They depend on fermentation and anaerobic respiration using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen. Facultative anaerobes show better growth in the presence of oxygen but will also grow without it.
electron acceptor of methanogens
CO2/Acetic acid, produces CH4 (methane)
electron acceptor for acidophiles
ferric iron, sulfuric acid (H2S04)
process of aerobic respiration
glycolysis - krebs cycle - electron transport chain - chemiosmosis
starts with the breakdown of glucose and ends with the formation of pyruvate.
glycolysis
starts with the reaction of oxaloacetate to acetyl-CoA.
krebs cycle
Electrons released by NADH and FADH2 pass through __________
protein complexes
The Powerhouses of the Cell
They are present in eukaryotic cells, where they produce the
bulk of the cell’s ATP.
mitochondria
parts of mitochondria
outer membrane, inner membrane, cristae, intermembrane space, matrix
part of a mitochondria
It is where ATP synthesis and Krebs cycle happen.
- contains many different enzymes as well as the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes.
matrix
part of a mitochondria
These are folds of the inner membrane which increase the
surface area for ATP production.
cristae
part of a mitochondria
It contains the proteins involved in the electron transport chain as well as the ATP synthase.
- site of ATP production
inner membrane
part of a mitochondria
A phospholipid bilayer that contains many molecules of a transport protein called porin which forms aqueous channels.
outer membrane
part of a mitochondria
Narrow region between the outer & inner membranes that contain enzymes and proteins.
intermembrane space
the molecules that initiate the process.
reactant
are the molecules that are produced during and after the process.
product
