Cellular Respiration and The Role of Mitochondrion

Question 1

a process that involves the oxidation and reduction of
molecules to produce energy in the form of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP).
- REDOX process.
- catabolic pathway

Answer 1

Cellular Respiration

Question 2

Overall formula of cellular respiration

Answer 2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

Question 3

glucose is ___________ into carbon dioxide

Answer 3

oxidised

Question 4

oxygen is __________ into water

Answer 4

reduced

Question 5

gaining H or losing O
- gaining electrons

Answer 5

reduction

Question 6

gaining O or losing H.
- losing electrons

Answer 6

oxidation

Question 7

what cellular respiration:

• does not require O2
• inorganic molecules such as NO3- (nitrate) and SO4-2 (sulfate) other than oxygen accept electrons at the electron transport chains to produce ATP (in fermentation, there is no electron acceptor),
• Maximum yield of 2 ATP molecules per glucose for
  obligate anaerobes
• happens in the muscle cells of humans and other prokaryotic organisms like methanogens.

Answer 7

anaerobic respiration

Question 8

what cellular respiration:

• requires O2
• Oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain ultimately producing ATP
• Maximum yield of 36 to 38 ATP molecules per glucose

Answer 8

aerobic respiration

Question 9

obligate vs. facultative anaerobe

Answer 9

Obligate anaerobes cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. They depend on fermentation and anaerobic respiration using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen. Facultative anaerobes show better growth in the presence of oxygen but will also grow without it.

Question 10

electron acceptor of methanogens

Answer 10

CO2/Acetic acid, produces CH4 (methane)

Question 11

electron acceptor for acidophiles

Answer 11

ferric iron, sulfuric acid (H2S04)

Question 12

process of aerobic respiration

Answer 12

glycolysis - krebs cycle - electron transport chain - chemiosmosis

Question 13

starts with the breakdown of glucose and ends with the formation of pyruvate.

Answer 13

glycolysis

Question 14

starts with the reaction of oxaloacetate to acetyl-CoA.

Answer 14

krebs cycle

Question 15

Electrons released by NADH and FADH2 pass through __________

Answer 15

protein complexes

Question 16

The Powerhouses of the Cell

They are present in eukaryotic cells, where they produce the
bulk of the cell’s ATP.

Answer 16

mitochondria

Question 17

parts of mitochondria

Answer 17

outer membrane, inner membrane, cristae, intermembrane space, matrix

Question 18

part of a mitochondria

It is where ATP synthesis and Krebs cycle happen.
- contains many different enzymes as well as the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes.

Answer 18

matrix

Question 19

part of a mitochondria

These are folds of the inner membrane which increase the
surface area for ATP production.

Answer 19

cristae

Question 20

part of a mitochondria

It contains the proteins involved in the electron transport chain as well as the ATP synthase.
- site of ATP production

Answer 20

inner membrane

Question 21

part of a mitochondria

A phospholipid bilayer that contains many molecules of a transport protein called porin which forms aqueous channels.

Answer 21

outer membrane

Question 22

part of a mitochondria

Narrow region between the outer & inner membranes that contain enzymes and proteins.

Answer 22

intermembrane space

Question 23

the molecules that initiate the process.

Answer 23

reactant

Question 24

are the molecules that are produced during and after the process.

Answer 24

product