ATP-ADP Cycle

Question 1

The study of energy changes within
and between living things

Answer 1

Bioenergetics

Question 2

What is our source of energy

Answer 2

Food

Question 3

Food consists of

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, lipids/fats, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 4

the process by which the body changes food and drink into energy.

Answer 4

metabolism

Question 5

A metabolic pathway that consumes energy (proteins) to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules. (small to large molecule - endergonic reaction)

Answer 5

anabolism

Question 6

A metabolic pathway that releases energy by
breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules. (large to small molecules - exergonic reaction)

Answer 6

catabolism

Question 7

What is the center of Bioenergetics

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. Its structure is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.
- phosphorylated molecule
- the energy currency of the cell
- nucleotide
- energy carrier and energy production molecule

Answer 8

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 9

how and where is ATP produced?

Answer 9

• when plants break down the glucose they make
• when animals break down the glucose they consume

(through cellular respiration, can be aerobic and anaerobic

• mitochondria

Question 10

why is atp called the energy currency of the cell

Answer 10

it provides readily releasable energy in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups

• stores energy and releases it when the body needs it

Question 11

a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phosphate bond in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

Answer 11

ATpase

Question 12

a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate

Answer 12

ATP synthase

Question 13

where are adenosine and the 1st phosphate attached in ATP

Answer 13

in the 1st and 5th carbon atom of the ribose sugar, respectively

Question 14

where are adenine and the 1st phosphate attached in ATP

Answer 14

in the 1st and 5th carbon atom of the ribose sugar, respectively

Question 15

ATP contains two energy-rich __________________ that links the phosphate group together and can be hydrolytically cleaved (through hydrolysis) to form ADP and Pi

Answer 15

phosphoanhydride bonds

Question 16

_____________ have a large amount of
chemical energy. Whenever a bond holding
a phosphate is broken, a large amount of
usable cellular energy is released.

Answer 16

phosphates

Question 17

• P - P - P

describe the amount of energy each bond

Answer 17

1st - a little bit of energy
2nd - some energy
3rd - a lot

Question 18

• P - P - P

describe the amount of energy each bond

Answer 18

1st - a little bit of energy
2nd - some energy
3rd - a lot of energy

Question 19

ATP-ADP Cycle reaction

Answer 19

ATP+H2O→ADP+Pi+ free energy (by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis, energy is released - exergonic)

ADP+Pi+free energy→ATP+H2O. (through phosphorylation and dehydration, energy is stored - endergonic)

Question 20

the reaction of an organic chemical with water to form two or more new substances and usually means the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water

Answer 20

hydrolysis

Question 21

A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound.

Answer 21

phosphorylation

Question 22

endergonic vs. exergonic

Answer 22

Endergonic reactions require energy input to take simple, low energy reactants and build complex, high energy products. Exergonic reactions release the energy bound up in the reactants and yield simpler, low energy products

Question 22

how much ATP is produced every second

Answer 22

10 million

Question 23

structure of atp

Answer 23

nitrogenous base (adenine), 5 carbon ribose sugar, 3 phosphates