ATP-ADP Cycle Flashcards
The study of energy changes within
and between living things
Bioenergetics
What is our source of energy
Food
Food consists of
Carbohydrates, lipids/fats, proteins, nucleic acids
the process by which the body changes food and drink into energy.
metabolism
A metabolic pathway that consumes energy (proteins) to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules. (small to large molecule - endergonic reaction)
anabolism
A metabolic pathway that releases energy by
breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules. (large to small molecules - exergonic reaction)
catabolism
What is the center of Bioenergetics
ATP
the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. Its structure is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.
- phosphorylated molecule
- the energy currency of the cell
- nucleotide
- energy carrier and energy production molecule
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
how and where is ATP produced?
- when plants break down the glucose they make
- when animals break down the glucose they consume
(through cellular respiration, can be aerobic and anaerobic
- mitochondria
why is atp called the energy currency of the cell
it provides readily releasable energy in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups
- stores energy and releases it when the body needs it
a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phosphate bond in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
ATpase
a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate
ATP synthase
where are adenosine and the 1st phosphate attached in ATP
in the 1st and 5th carbon atom of the ribose sugar, respectively
where are adenine and the 1st phosphate attached in ATP
in the 1st and 5th carbon atom of the ribose sugar, respectively
ATP contains two energy-rich __________________ that links the phosphate group together and can be hydrolytically cleaved (through hydrolysis) to form ADP and Pi
phosphoanhydride bonds
_____________ have a large amount of
chemical energy. Whenever a bond holding
a phosphate is broken, a large amount of
usable cellular energy is released.
phosphates
- P - P - P
describe the amount of energy each bond
1st - a little bit of energy
2nd - some energy
3rd - a lot
- P - P - P
describe the amount of energy each bond
1st - a little bit of energy
2nd - some energy
3rd - a lot of energy
ATP-ADP Cycle reaction
ATP+H2O→ADP+Pi+ free energy (by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis, energy is released - exergonic)
ADP+Pi+free energy→ATP+H2O. (through phosphorylation and dehydration, energy is stored - endergonic)
the reaction of an organic chemical with water to form two or more new substances and usually means the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water
hydrolysis
A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound.
phosphorylation
endergonic vs. exergonic
Endergonic reactions require energy input to take simple, low energy reactants and build complex, high energy products. Exergonic reactions release the energy bound up in the reactants and yield simpler, low energy products
how much ATP is produced every second
10 million
structure of atp
nitrogenous base (adenine), 5 carbon ribose sugar, 3 phosphates
