Light and Sound ETT Flashcards
What happens if you increase the amplitude of a sound wave?
The volume increases.
What is wavelength?
The length of one wave, from peak to peak or trough to trough.
What is frequency measured in (the units)?
Hz, Hertz
What will a wave with a high frequency sound like?
High pitched.
What will a wave with a low frequency sound like?
Low pitched.
What is a reflection of a sound wave called?
Echo
Why are echoes always quieter than the original sound?
Some of the sound wave’s energy is absorbed by the surface the wave is reflecting off.
Through which state does sound travel fastest?
Solid.
Why does sound travel faster in water than in air?
The particles in water are closer together so it takes less time for each particle to transfer its energy to the next one.
Name the 2 types of wave.
Transverse, Longitudinal
In what direction do the particles oscillate in a transverse wave?
At 90 degrees to direction of the wave.
In what direction do the particles oscillate in a Longitudinal wave?
Parallel to the direction of the wave.
What type of wave is a sound wave?
Longitudinal
What causes a sound wave?
A vibration
Why cant a sound wave travel through a vacuum?
There are no particles to transfer the energy.
What do all waves transfer?
Energy
What is the speed of sound in air?
340 m/s
Why do you see the flash of a firework before you hear the BANG!?
Light travels much faster then sound.
Which part of the ear vibrates first when receiving a sound wave.
The ear drum.
What is an echo?
A reflected sound wave.
What equation that links speed, distance and time?
speed = _______ / ________
Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) / Time (s)
Describe the amplitude and frequency of a low pitched, loud sound wave.
Large amplitude and a low frequency.
Describe a high pitched, quiet sound wave.
Small amplitude and a high frequency.
What is the name of this part of the ear?
Auditory canal
What is the name of this part of the ear?
Ear Drum
What is the name of this part of the ear?
Ossicles
What is the name of this part of the ear?
Semi-Circular Canals
What is the name of this part of the ear?
Cochlea
What is the name of this part of the ear?
Auditory nerve
What is the range of human hearing?
20 to 20000 Hz
What is a medical use of ultrasound?
Taking images of unborn babies
Name one animal that uses ultrasound to catch its food
Bat
What is ‘loudness’ measured in?
Decibels
Compare the sound of the two waves in the image in terms of loudness and pitch.
- They have the same loudness.
- Wave B has a higher pitch.
Name the properties of the wave labelled a) and b)
a) Wavelength
b) Amplitude
Name the two regions of a longitudinal wave labelled ‘C’ and ‘R’.
C = compression
R = rarefaction
What does frequency mean?
The number of complete waves passing a certain point in a second (1 Hz is 1 wave per second)
Compare the sound of the two waves in the image in terms of loudness and pitch.
- They have the same pitch.
- Wave B is quieter than Wave A.
What is the dashed line in a refraction diagram called?
Normal
What do you call the process whereby light bends as it enters a different medium?
Refraction
Why does light bend as it moves from air into glass?
Glass is denser than air, so the light wave slows down.
What is the name given to the imaginary line that’s perpendicular at the point an incident ray meets a surface.
Normal Line
What colour ball would you see if you were viewing a red ball through a blue filter?
Black
What colour ball would you see if you were viewing a green ball through a green filter?
Green
What colour ball would you see if you were viewing a white ball through a red filter?
Red
What colour ball would you see if you were viewing a white ball through a red filter then a green filter?
Black
What colour ball would you see if you were viewing a magenta ball through a red filter?
Red
What colour would an object be if it reflected all wavelengths of light equally?
White
Describe how a red dress appears to be red.
The red dress absorbs all other wavelengths of light except red which it reflects.
What colour would an object be if it absorbed all wavelengths of light?
Black
What are the three primary colours of light?
Blue, Green and Red
What primary colours of light are mixed to form the following secondary colours?
a) Magenta
b) Cyan
c) Yellow
a) Blue and red
b) Green and Blue
c) Green and Red
Give the name and function of part a.
Cornea
Transparent layer that bends light into the eye.
Name the sense organ containing receptors sensitive to light intensity and colour.
The eye
Give the name and function of part b.
Iris
Contains muscles that control the size of the pupil
Give the name and function of part c.
Lens
Focusses light on the retina
Give the name and function of part d.
Ciliary muscles
Help control the shape of the lens
Give the name and function of part E.
Suspensory ligaments
Help control the shape of the lens
Give the name and function of part F.
Sclera
Tough outer layer for protection
Give the name and function of part G.
Retina
Contains light receptor cells - where the image is formed
Give the name and function of part H.
Optic nerve
Carries impulses from retina to brain
What is the name for an object that “gives out light”?
Luminous
What is the “law of reflection”?
angle of incidence = angle of reflection
What is the order of colours in visible light, starting from red?
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
Which colour of visible light has the longest wavelength?
Red
Which colour of visible light has the shortest wavelength?
Violet
