Human body ETT Flashcards
Name the two nutrients that provide energy
Carbohydrates and lipids (fats)
Name the nutrient that’s needed for growth and repair
Protein
Name the two nutrients that are needed in small amounts to maintain health
Vitamins and minerals
What is fibre needed for?
To help food move through the gut
Suggest some foods that are a good source of carbohydrates
Examples include:
potatoes, rice, bread, pasta
Suggest some foods that are a good source of protein
Examples include:
Meat, fish and eggs
Suggest some foods that are a good source of vitamins and minerals
Examples include:
Fruit and Vegetables
Suggest some foods that are a good source of lipids (fat)
Examples include:
Milk, Cheese, Cream, Nuts
Describe the food test for starch
Test: Add iodine
Positive result: Turns black
Describe the food test for protein
Test: Add biuret solution
Positive Result: Turns light purple
Describe the food test for glucose (sugar)
Test: Add Benedict’s reagent and put in water bath
Positive result: Turns orange
Describe the food test for lipids (fats)
Test: Rub food on filter paper
Positive result: Paper goes translucent
What does obese mean?
Extremely overweight.
When you don’t have enough vitamins or minerals, what are you said to have?
A deficiency
What happens when you take in more energy in food than you use up in daily activities?
You gain weight
What are the folds in the small intestine called?
Villi
List the organs that food moves through in the digestive system (in order)
Mouth
Oesophagus (gullet)
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
In what part of the digestive system are nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream?
Small intestine
In what part of the digestive system is the excess water absorbed?
Large intestine
How are the villi adapted to aid digestion?
- They provide a large surface area
- They have a close network of capillaries to take away the nutrients
Name the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
Carbohydrase
Name the enzyme that breaks down protein
Protease
Name the enzyme that breaks down lipids (fats)
Lipase
What does carbohydrase break down carbohydrates into?
Sugar
What does protease break down protein into?
Amino acids
What does lipase break down lipids into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
Which type of enzyme starts to work in the mouth?
Carbohydrase
Which type of enzyme works in the stomach?
Protease
Which types of enzymes work in the small intestine?
All three:
- Carbohydrase
- Protease
- Lipase
What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?
They denature
Name the part of the digestive system labelled A
Mouth
Name the part of the digestive system labelled B
Oesophagus
Name the part of the digestive system labelled C
Stomach
Name the part of the digestive system labelled D
Small intestine
Name the part of the digestive system labelled G
Large intestine
What are living things made up of many cells called?
Multicellular organisms
What is the definition of a tissue?
A group of similar cells working together to perform a certain function
Order the following terms from smallest to largest: “tissue”, “organ”, “organ system”, “cell”
cell –> tissue –> organ –> organ system
What is the definition of an organ?
A group of tissues that work together to perform a certain function
In which organ does gas exchange take place?
Lungs
Name the organ system in the image
Circulatory system
Name the organ system in the image
Nervous system
Name the organ system in the image
Skeletal system
Name the organ system in the image
Digestive system
Name the organ system in the image
Respiratory System
Name the organ system in the image
Urinary system
Name the organ system in the image
Reproductive systems
Name part C in the image
Trachea (wind pipe)
Name the tubes labelled part D in the image
bronchi
Name the tubes labelled part G in the image
bronchioles
Name the air sacs labelled F in the image
alveoli
Name part H in the image
diaphragm
In what three ways are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
1) Moist, thin walls 2) Close network of blood vessels 3) Large surface area
In what order does air travel through these body parts when we breathe in? “bronchioles”, “bronchus”, “alveoli”, “trachea”
trachea –> bronchus –> bronchioles –> alveoli
What is the scientific word for ‘breathe in’?
inhale
What is the scientific word for ‘breathe out’
exhale
Complete the sentence… The air we breathe out has _____ oxygen than the air we breathe in
less
Complete the sentence… The air we breathe out has _____ carbon dioxide than the air we breathe in
more
The air we breathe in contains approximately 21% of what gas?
oxygen
The air we breathe in contains approximately 0.04% of what gas?
carbon dioxide
The air we breathe in contains approximately 80% of what gas?
Nitrogen
In what direction does the diaphragm move when you breathe in?
it moves down
In what direction does the diaphragm move when you breathe out?
it moves up
What happens to the volume inside your chest when you breathe in?
It increases
What are the four main functions of the skeleton?
1) support the body 2) protect organs 3) movement 4) make blood cells
Where in your bones are blood cells made?
Bone marrow
What are the three types of joints called?
1) hinge 2) ball and socket 3) fixed
Name the tissue that covers the end of bones to stop them rubbing together
cartilage
Name the tissue that joins bone to bone
ligament
Why is there fluid in some joints?
To reduce friction and allow the bones to move freely
Name the tissue that attaches muscle to bone
tendon
What do you call a pair of muscles that work together to allow movement?
Antagonistic muscles
In order to bend the arm, if the bicep contracts, what does the tricep do?
relax
Name the three main organs in plants
1) stem 2) leaf 3) root
What is the function of the stem in a plant?
To support the leaves and flowers
What is the function of the leaves in a plant?
To absorb light
What is the function of the roots of a plant?
To absorb water and minerals
Give an example of a hinge joint
elbow or knee
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
shoulder or hip
What is the scientific word for the thigh bone?
femur
What is the scientific word for the backbone?
spine
What is the scientific word for the air sacs?
Alveoli
What is the scientific word for the windpipe?
Trachea
Name the process that takes place in cells that uses up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
respiration
Name three different types of tissue
Examples include: - connective - muscle - bone
