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Year 8 > Inheritance and Health ETT > Flashcards

Inheritance and Health ETT Flashcards

1
Q

Name two medicinal drugs

A

e.g.

  • antibiotics
  • painkillers
  • antidepressants e.t.c
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2
Q

Name two legal recreational drugs

A
  • tobacco
  • alcohol
  • caffeine
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3
Q

Name two illegal recreational drugs

A

e.g.

  • heroin
  • cannabis
  • ecstasy
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4
Q

Give two examples of drugs that are stimulants.

A

e.g.

  • caffeine
  • speed
  • nicotine
  • ecstasy
  • cocaine
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5
Q

Give two examples of drugs that are depressants.

A

e.g.

  • alcohol
  • heroin
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6
Q

Give two effects of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

A

e.g.

  • Increases risk of miscarriage
  • Increases risk of low birth weight
  • Increases risk of premature birth
  • Organ damage
  • Nerve damage
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
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7
Q

Give two examples of withdrawal symptoms

A
  • Headaches
  • Sweating
  • Anxiety
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8
Q

Name the drug in cigarettes that causes addiction to smoking.

A

Nicotine

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9
Q

Name the substance in cigarettes that can cause cancer.

A

Tar

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10
Q

Name the poisonous gas released by cigarettes that causes red blood cells to carry less oxygen.

A

Carbon monoxide

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11
Q

What are drugs?

A

Chemicals which alter the way your body works.

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12
Q

What do you call the group of drugs that people take for enjoyment?

A

Recreational drugs

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13
Q

What do you call the group of drugs that people take for health reasons?

A

Medicinal drugs

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14
Q

What is the main organ damaged by drinking alcohol?

A

Liver

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15
Q

What is the main organ damaged by smoking?

A

Lungs

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16
Q

Name the drug that alcohol contains

A

Ethanol

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17
Q

What is the term used to describe breathing in someone else’s smoke?

A

Passive smoking

18
Q

Give two examples of diseases caused by smoking

A

e.g.

  • lung cancer
  • emphysema
  • heart disease
  • respiratory infections
19
Q

Give one effect of smoking during pregnancy

A

e.g.

Increase risk of miscarriage

Babies born with a low birth weight

20
Q

Name the cells that sweep mucus from your airways

A

ciliated cells

21
Q

What do you call drugs that slow down your nervous system and make your reactions slower?

A

Depressants

22
Q

What do you call drugs that speed up your nervous system and make your reactions faster?

A

stimulants

23
Q

What is the maximum units of alcohol adult woman are recommended not to exceed.

24
Q

What is the maximum units of alcohol adult men are recommended not to exceed.

25
Q

What four things do animals compete for?

A
  1. Space
  2. Food
  3. Water
  4. Mates
26
Q

What four things do plants compete for?

A
  1. Water
  2. Space
  3. Minerals
  4. Light
27
Q

What word is given to characteristics that enable an organism to be successful in its environment?

A

Adaptations

28
Q

Describe how a cactus is adapted to its environment.

A

e.g.

  • spines to deter predators
  • spines instead of large leaves to reduce water loss
  • hollow stem to store water
  • widespread roots to absorb water near surface and deep down
  • thick stem to reduce water loss
29
Q

Describe how a camel is adapted to its environment.

A

e.g.

  • large feet to give a large surface area to walk on sand
  • long eyelashes to prevent sand from getting in eyes
  • slits for nostrils to keep out sand
  • humps to store fat that can be turned into water
30
Q

Describe how a polar bear is adapted to its environment

A

e.g.

  • white fur for camouflage
  • thick fur for insulation
  • large claws to catch prey
  • large feet to walk on the snow
  • small ears to reduce heat loss
31
Q

Give two examples of environmental variation in humans

A

e.g.

  1. tattoos
  2. piercings
  3. scars
32
Q

Give two examples of genetic variation in humans

A

e.g.

  1. blood type
  2. eye colour
  3. genetic disorders
33
Q

What type of variation are eye colour and blood group examples of?

A

genetic variation

34
Q

What type of variation are tattoos, piercings and scars examples of?

A

environment variation

35
Q

Give one example of a characteristic that is a result of both environmental and genetic variation

A

e.g.

  1. Height
  2. Weight
36
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

37
Q

Where in the cell is DNA stored?

38
Q

How many chromosomes are in human body cells?

A

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

39
Q

Name the process by which living things evolve.

A

Natural selection

40
Q

Describe the process of natural selection. (4 marks)

A
  1. There is natural variation in the population.
  2. Organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive…
  3. …and reproduce…
  4. …and pass on their genes to the next generation.
41
Q

What does ‘extinction’ mean?

A

There are no remaining living individuals of a particular species

42
Q

Give two ways in which organisms can become extinct.

A

Any two from:

  1. Environmental change
  2. New disease
  3. New predator
  4. Habitat destruction
    5.

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