Ligaments and blood vessels Flashcards
2 ligaments attached to ischium
Sarcospinous- ischia spine -> sacrum = greater sciatic foramen
Sarcotuberous ligament - sacrum -> ischial tuberosity = lesser sciatic foramen
Ligament of head of femur
Ligamentum teres- attaches fovea Capitis, contains artery of ligamentum teres.
Intracapsular ligament hip joint
Ligamentum teres (head of femur)
EXTRACAPSULAR ligaments hip joint 3
Iliofemoral- strongest, inverted Y, anterior iliac spine -> intertrochanteric lines prevents Xs hyperextension
Pubofemoral- triangle, superior pubic ramus-> intertrochanteric line abduction, extension
Ischiofemoral - spiral shaped, body ischium-> greater trochanter femur internal rotation
Blood supply of femoral head and neck
EXTRACAPSULAR arterial ring base femoral neck formed large branch- medial femoral circumflex artery and anteriorly- lateral femoral circumflex artery (branches profunda femoris artery)
-> ascending cervical branches (retinacular arteries)
Artery of ligamentum teres (from obturator artery) adult minimal supply
Page 108 Wb1
Blood supply to knee
Genicular anastomoses around knee, genicular branches of femoral and popliteal arteries
Intacapsular ligaments of knee 2
Cruciate ligaments
Anterior CL- posterolateral aspect femoral intercondylar fossa-> anteromedially-> anterior intercondylar eminence and medial meniscus (hands in pockets)
Posterior CL- medial roof intercondylar fossa-> posterolateral-> posterior intercondylar
ACL in front
Ligaments that strengthen capsule of knee 1
Oblique popliteal ligament continuation fibres semimembranous tendon superclusters, medial tibial condyle -> back of knee lateral femoral condyle
Pg 148
EXTRACAPSULAR ligaments of knee 3
Collateral ligaments
Medial CL- medial epicondyle femur-> medial epicondyle tibia and medial meniscus
Lateral CL- thinner and rounder, lateral epicondyle femur-> depression lateral fibula head
Patellar ligament - continuation quadriceps femoris tendon distal to patella-> tibial tuberosity
Bursa of knee
Small sac lined synovial membrane, containing synovial fluid
Anterior top-> bottom: suprapatellar (above), subcutaneous prepatellar (in front), subcutaneous infrapatellar (below), deep infrapatellar (below)
Lateral on Tibia: subsartorial (pes anserinus) bursa
Posterior: semimembranous bursa
Medial thigh artery
Obturator
3 lymphatics lower limb
Medial vessels -> superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Lateral vessels-> popliteal lymph nodes
Efferent LV from popliteal nodes -> deep inguinal noes
Ankle joint ligaments
Lateral: anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular
Medial: medial/ deltoid ligament
Ligamentum nuchae what and 3 roles
Thickening of supraspinous ligament, external occipital protuberance skull/ median Michal line -> spinous process C7
Anterior border- fibrous lamina attaches to posterior tubercle of atlas and to spinous process all 7 cervical vertebrae
Roles:
Maintains secondary curvature (lordosis) cervical spine, assists cervical spine support weight head, attachment muscles neck and trunk
Ligamentum flavum
High elastin, appears yellow, between lamina adjacent vertebrae, stretched during flexion spine
Anterior longitudinal ligament where, function
Stronger than posterior, C1-> sacrum, united periosteum of vertebral bodies, loosely attached over intervertebral discs, prevents hyperextension vertebral column
Posterior longitudinal ligament where, function
Posterior vertebral bodies, C2-> sacral canal, tectorial membrane atlanto-axial joint (band over dens)
Prevents hyperflexion vertebral column
Paracentral disc herniation tends occur laterally to it
Axillary LN 6 groups
Anterior (pectoral)- lower border pec minor, receive lymph vessels lateral quadrants breast and anterolateral abdo wall
APICAL
Posterior (subscapular) - in front subscapularis, from back
Lateral- medial axiallary vein, from upper limb
Central- centre axilla, from above three
Infraclavicular (deltopectoral) - outside axilla, groove between deltoid and pec major, from lateral hand, forearm, arm
Apical- apex axilla, lateral first rib, efferent lymph vessels other axillary nodes -> subclavian lymphatic trunk -> right forms right duct-> right venous angle, left -> thoracic duct-> left venous angle
Axillary artery
Aubclavian artery-> axilla-> axillary artery (1st proximal pec minor, 2nd posterior pec minor, 3rd distal pec minor)
Branches: superior thoracic artery,
thoracoacromial artery,
lateral thoracic artery,
subscapular A, anterior circumflex humeral A, posterior circumflex humeral A
Lower border teres major -> brachial artery
Axillary vein
Lower border teres major union brachial veins and basilic vein
Ascends through axilla anteromedial to artery, continuous subclavian vein lateral border first rib
First part: receives cephalic vein
Second and third: thoracoacromial vein, lateral thoracic, subscapular, anterior/ posterior circumflex
Median cubital vein
Elbow where cephalic and basilic veins connect
Pg48 wb2
Brachial artery
Continuation axillary arteryvpast imferior teres major, ->
profunda brachii -> posterior arm -> anastomotic network elbow
Or continues-> cubital fossa -> birfurcates radial and ulnar arteries
Pulse palpated cubital fossa, medial biceps Trenton
Blood supply to scaphoid
Dorsal carpal branch radial artery, retrograde flow
