Lifespan Perspective Flashcards
Resilience
- Why is measuring internal adaptation better than external adaptation?
- 2 signs of resilience in longitudinal approaches between pre- and post-adversity functioning
Well-being or positive adaptation despite difficult circumstances
- Just bcuz someone is doing well at work/school/etc doesn’t mean they feel fine
- Showing low lvls of distress that remain stable or increased lvls of distress followed by recovery
Downey et al.’s resilience model
- 2 dimensions
- Assumes what?
1) Relative safety of coping strats and approaches that might be used in response to stressful situations
2) Relative positivity of actual life outcomes that follow from use of coping strats
- Assumes causal connection between strat and outcome but actually important to take context into consideration
Resilient: Positive outcome, safe coping
Fortunate: Positive outcome, risky coping
Struggling: Negative outcome, safe coping
Dysfunctional: Negative outcome, risky coping
Resilience resources:
- In the child
- In the family and close relationships
- In the community and relationships w/ organizations
3 each
- Easy temperament (Adaptable personality)
- Positive self-view and self-efficacy
- Talents valued by self and society
— - Positive attachment relationships
- Authoritative parenting
- Organized home environment
— - Effective schools
- Neighbourhoods w/ high collective efficacy
- Good public health and health care availibility
Strategies to foster resilience:
- Risk-focused (Preventing/Reducing risk/stressors)
- Asset-focused (Improving number/quality of resources of social capital)
- Process-focused (Mobilizing the power of human adaptation systems)
3 each
- Treat depression in mothers of newborns
- Prevent homeless episodes thru housing policy or emergency assistance
- Reduce neighbourhood crime/violence thru community policing
— - Provide food, water, shelter, medical/dental care
- Educate parents about child devel and effective parenting
- Educate teachers about child devel and effective teaching
— - Foster secure attachment relationships thru parental-sensitivity training or home-visiting programs for new parents
- Nurture healthy brain devel thru high-quality nutrition and early childhood programs
- Encourage friendships of children w/ prosocial peers in healthy activities
Positive youth development
- PYD is marked by 9 positive outcomes (BSSSIFBPP)
- 5 Cs that help reach positive outcomes
Youths interact w/ enviro and lositive agents who support change in order to meet their basic needs and cultivate assets
1) Rewarding bonding (Friendships)
2) Promoting social, emotional, cognitive (perspective taking) behavioural (control) and moral competencies
3) Encouraging self-determination (Feeling control over own life)
4) Fostering spirituality (Connection to something greater than individual)
5) Nurturing a clear and positive identity (Belief that they can make good things occur bcuz they deserve it)
6) Building beliefs about future
7) Recognizing positive behav
8) Providing opportunities for prosocial devel
9) Establishing prosocial norms
5 Cs: Competence, Confidence, Caring, Connection, Character
Thriving
- Spark
Achieving potential and living a rich life that involves giving back to communities and allows oersonal high levels of well-being
- Set in motion by a spark: Passion for and exercise of action to nurture a self-identified interest/skill/capacity
Positive youth development programs:
- Big brothers and big sisters
- Penn resiliency program
- Changing lives program
- Semistructured/Unstructured community-based mentoring that matches low-income youths w/ screened adult volunteers
- No fee
- Promotes academic achievement, parental trust, prevents violence/alcohol use/truancy
— - Highly structured life skills development; Facilitator conducts scripted sessions on awareness of thoughts and cog restructuring
- Fee for schoolchildren unless part of study
- Promotes optimism, physical health; Prevents depression
— - Gender and ethnicity inclusive community-based mentoring program that’s structured
- Facilitators attempt to decrease problem behav and promote devel by enhancing positive identity thru mastery exps
- Problem is that unsure if achieving goals with supposed target pop
6 tasks of adult development (Valliant)
(IICGKI)
1) Identity: Value/Views/Beliefs become own
2) Intimacy: Being able to be close to others emotionally
3) Career consolidation: Social identity required; contentment, compensation, competence, commitment, adaptability
4) Generativity: Building broader social circle thru passing on of achieved knowledge
5) Keeper of meaning: Sharing of wisdoms and traditions
6) Integrity: Feeling good about what you’ve done in life
3 components of successful aging (Rowe and Kahn)
- According to the harvard study of adult development, men who had what aged most successfully?
1) Avoiding disease
2) Engagement with life (Continuing to do things in life)
3) Maintaining high cognitive and physical functioning
Positive and happy relationships throughout life
Processes of successful aging:
- Selection-Optimization-Compensation model
- Socioemotional selectivity theory
- Proactivity model
Selection: Narrowing activities to include only those that are important/valuable
Optimization: Strengthen skills to accomplish goals or continue to engage in selected activities
Compensation: Using aids to maintain engagement in selected goals/activities
—
We choose developmentally appropriate goals based on how much we have left
- Ex: Older adults tend to look at more positive things and have fewer more fulfilling relationships
—
Proactively cope w/ stressors thru prevention or correction
Robert Waldinger: What makes a good life? video
- What do most young adults think is the goal to a good life?
- Two groups in the Harvard study
- Lesson learned from the study
- Focus on money and fame + work
- One group that was from troubled neighbourhood, another group from Harvard and went to war
- Good relationships keep up happier and healthier, loneliness kills; Reduces pain, higher memory
