Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lifespan- Geriactrics > Lifespan Midterm > Flashcards

Lifespan Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Over the past 20-30 years special emphasis has been directed towards which four subgroups?

A

WORE

-women, oldest old (over 85)/ frail elderly or extremely old, racial minor ties, ethnic minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Overall the _ _ is rising.

A

Overall the MEDIAN AGE is rising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mortality patterns: _ of all deaths occur at age _ or _, expected to be _ by 2030. _ of all deaths occur at age _ or _, expected to rise by _% by 2050.

A

70% of all deaths occur at age 65 or OLDER, expected to be 80% by 2030.

18% of all deaths occur at age 85 or OLDER, expected to rise by to 43% by 2050.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The US census bureau defines: 55-64 as _. 65-84 as _. 85+ as _.

A

55-64 as OLDER

65-84 as ELDERLY

85+ as OLDEST OLD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gender composition: age 65 and older- women _ men :; age 85 and older- women _ men :.

A

Age 65 and older- women OUTNUMBER men 3:2

Age 85 and older- women OUTNUMBER men 5:2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Marital status: _ of males over 65 are married. _ of females over age 65 are widowed.

A

75% of males over 65 are married

65% of females over 65 are widowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the divorce rate for those 65 or older? Is on the _ over the past two decades. Remarriages? Is on the _ over the past decade.

A

7% divorce rate for those over 65 or older
Is on the RISE over the past two decades.

Remarriage a had been SIGNIFICANTLY LOW
Is on the RISE over the past decade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Proportion of never-married males? Females?

A

Both are approx. 12.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Living arrangements: 60% of women over the age of 75 live _. 80% of men over 65 live?

A

60% of women over the age of 75 live ALONE

80% of men over 65 live WITH ANOTHER FAMILY MEMBER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the current life expectancy? Projected trends by 2050?

A
  1. 3 years- current

82. 5 years- projected trends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Not all _ _ age at the same rate. There is no _ _ theory of aging.

A

Not all SOMATIC CELLS age at the same rate

There is no UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED theory of aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Senescence is defined as _, _ _ in aged organisms that predispose them to _ _ and _.

A

Senescence is defined as NONREVERSIBLE, DETERIORATED CHANGES in aged organisms that predispose them to FATAL DISEASE and DEATH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 Somatic cell catagories?

A

F RC

  • fixed postmiotic cells
  • reverting postmiotic cells
  • continuously proliferating cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Continuously proliferating cells _ _ to replicate themselves, these cells _ through _.

A

Continuously proliferating cells NEVER CEASE to replicate themselves, these cells HEAL THROUGH REGENERATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reverting postmiotic cells have a _ _ of division, when injured will _ _ the _ of _ and _.

A

Reverting postmiotic cells have a SLOWER RATE of division, when injured will SPEED UP the RATE OF DIVISION AND REGENERATION.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fixed postmiotic cells _ _ after _, only able to _ _ if the _ is intact. _ _ cells are produced.

A

Fixed postmiotic cells NEVER REPLICATE after MATURITY, only able to REPAIR THEMSELVES if the NUCLEUS is intact.

NO NEW cells are produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of somatic cell are kidney and liver cells?

A

Reverting postmiotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of somatic cells are lung, cardiac?

A

Fixed postmiotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of somatic cells are superficial skin cells, intestinal lining, RBC’s, and bone marrow?

A

Continuously proliferating cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What two specific types of cells are controversially considered fixed postmiotic cells?

A

Muscle and neuron cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

According to the _/ _ theories the mechanism of aging is predetermined and located in the nucleus, and is genetically controlled. AKA?

A

According to the DEVELOPMENTAL/ GENETIC THEORIES the mechanisms . . . .

AKA: PROGRAMMED THEORIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 theories that are considered developmental/ genetic/ programmed theories?

A

THEN

  • Telometric theory
  • Hayflick Limit theory
  • Error and Repair theory
  • Neuroendocrine theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neuroendocrine theory states that the --_ _ (_) controls aging, and acts through _ to control the _ of aging.

A

States that the HYPOTHALMIC- PITUITARY- ADRENAL AXIS (HPA) controls aging, and acts through HORMONES to control the PACE of aging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

With the Neuroendocrine theory, the _ regulates the release of various hormones throughout the body. Hormones affect _, _, _ _, _, and _. Example in the body?

A

Neuroendocrine theory, the HYPOTHALAMUS regulates the release of various hormones throughout the body.

Hormones affect (G MIST) GROWTH, METABOLISMS, INFLAMMATION, STRESS and TEMPERATURE REGULATION.

Example: MENOPAUSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

According to the error and repair theory the production of _ and the _ of _ is not always carried out with accuracy.

A

According to the error and repair theory the production of PROTEINS and the REPRODUCTION OF DNA is not always carried out with accuracy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Error and repair theory: the system is incapable of _ _ _ every time, therefore the _ of these _ _ leads to _ of the organism.

A

The system is incapable of MAKING PERFECT REPAIRS every time, therefore the ACCUMULATION of these FLAWED DNA leads to SENESCENCE of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The _ _ theory studied cell division in lung tissue and discovered that cells are able to replicate - times.

A

The HAYFLICK LIMIT theory studied cell division in lung tissue and discovered that cells are able to replicate 40-60 TIMES.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

According to Hayflick limit theory cells begin to _ _ toward the end of their _ to _. These changes include?

A

Cells begin to LOOK DIFFERENT toward the end of their ABILITY TO REPLICATE.

These changes include LIPOFUSCIN (age pigments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The _ _ is an extension of the Hayflick Limit theory, and states that in the normal process of _ _, the end of the chromosome is _ _ _ , which leaves and _ _.

A

The TELOMERIC THEORY is an extension of the Hayflick limit theory, and states that in the normal process of DNA REPLICATION, the end of the chromosome is NOT COPIED EXACTLY, which leaves an UNREPLICATED GAP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

According to the Telemeric theory the _ _ with each cell division, when the become _ _ the cells enters the _ stage.

A

The TELOMERES SHORTEN with the each cell division, when the become TOO SHORT the cells enter the SENESCENCE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Shortened telomeres are found in? (4)

A

AH CH

  • Atherosclerosis
  • Heart disease
  • cirrhosis
  • hepatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

As long as the cells have telomerase, they keep enough telomerase, which prevents _ from _. _% of _ cells have been found to possess telomerase.

A

They keep enough telomerase, which prevents TELOMERES from SHORTENING.

90% of CANCER cells have been found to possess telomerase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Research of Telomerase: _ telomerase may help _ _, and stripping it may _ _. Telomerase may also be used to help with _ _ or the _ _.

A

MEASURING telomerase may help DETECT CANCER, and stripping it may FIGHT CANCER.

Telomerase may also be used to help with WOUND HEALING or the IMMUNE RESPONSE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

/ theories believe that aging is caused by insults in the environment that have an effect on organs and the body systems. AKA?

A

STOCHASTIC/ NON-GENETIC theories believe that. . .

AKA: Random Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the 4 stochastic/ non-genetic/ random theories?

A

IS Fuckin Crazy

  • Immunological theory
  • somatic mutation theory
  • free radical theory
  • cross-linkage theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Somatic mutation theory states that genetic _ results from exposure to _. Became popular in the _ _ _ era. Later studies showed?

A

Theory states that genetic MUTATION results from exposure to RADIATION.

Became popular in the POST WW II era.

Later studies showed the radiation-induced changes were only mimicking age changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

According to immunological theory states that with age the systems ability to _ _ _ that fight diseases declines as a result of _ _ _ _. System begins to lose ability to distinguish between _ and _.

A

Theory states that with age the systems ability to PRODUCE NECESSARY ANTIBODIES that fight diseases declines as result of DECREASED T CELL FUNCTION.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Example set of immunological theory of autoimmune diseases are _, _, and adult-onset _.

A

Autoimmune diseases are LUPUS, SCLERODERMA, and adult-onset DIABETES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Cross-linkage theory is also referred to as the _ _ of aging. Believes that it is the _ of _ to _ that causes various problems. The accumulation of _ _ _ damage cells and tissue, slowing down bodily process.

A

Also referred to as the GLYCOSYLATION THEORY of aging.

Believes that is the accumulation of CROSS LINKED PROTEINS damage cells and tissue, slowing down bodily process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

2 examples in the body cited for the cross linkage theory: loss of _ of _ tissue, and _ changes in the _.

A

Loss of FLEXIBILITY OF CONNECTIVE tissue

MICROVASCULAR changes in the ARTERIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The cross linkage of molecules is primarily responsible for _ _ _.

A

Primarily responsible for SECONDARY AGING EFFECTS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

_ _ are byproducts of chemical reactions in the body that can damage proteins and DNA within the cell.

A

FREE RADICALS are byproducts of . . . .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Free radicals attack _ _ in fats. If DNA is attacked a _ will occur causing _ or _. If proteins are attacked the _ _ _ and may result in the loss of _ _.

A

Free radicals attack the CELL MEMBRANE in fats.

If DNA is attacked a MUTATION will occur causing CANCER or AGING

If proteins are attacked the PROTEIN BREAKS DOWN and may result in the loss of BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The free radical theory of aging proposes that _ _ _, small amounts of _ _ and _ to deterioration of _ and _.

A

Proposes that LITTLE BY LITTLE, small amounts of DAMAGE ACCUMULATE and CONTRIBUTE to deterioration of ORGANS AND TISSUES.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Under normal conditions _ _ _ prevent most of the oxidative damage (free radicals) from occuring.

A

Under normal conditions NATURAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS prevent most of the . . . .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Natural defense mechanisms that help prevent oxidation include: _ _, such as bilirubin; _ such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione per oxidase; _ _ such as beta carotene, Vitamin C and E.

A

Include:

  • NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS such as bilirubin
  • ENZYMES suck as superoxide dismutase . . .
  • DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS such as beta carotene . . .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

There is currently _ _ _ that explains the entire process of growing old. Age is much better explained when a _ _ _ are _.

A

There is currently NO SINGLE THEORY that explains the entire process of growing old.

Age is much better explained when a NUMBER OF THEORIES ARE INTEGRATED.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

If you see a rapid decline in function/ rapid change it is most likely due to? (4) AKA?

A

AKA: 4 -tions

IM DD

  • infection
  • medication (change in dosage and/ or new meds)
  • depression
  • dehydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The normal aging process is observed as a _ _ in _. AKA?

A

Is observed as a SLOW DECREMENT IN FUNCTION

AKA: Eugeric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Normal aging is described in what 4 terms? Which one does PT have the biggest effect on?

A

P FAB

  • physiological (typically at the organ level)
  • functional (changes in a system)*
  • anatomic (physical change of the structure)
  • Biological (occurs at the cellular level)

*one that PT has the biggest effect on

51
Q

In normal aging decline: may occur due to _ _ only; due to _ _ without _ changes; may lead to total loss of _; different _ and _ in one individual may _ at different _.

A

Decline:

  • may occur due to ANATOMICAL CHANGES only
  • due to PHYSIOLOGICAL INEFFICIENCIES without ANATOMICAL changes
  • may lead to total loss of FUNCTION
  • different TISSUES AND SYSTEMS in one individual may AGE at different RATES
52
Q

The more complex the function, the more? Ex?

A

The more complex the function, the MORE DECLINE IS SEEN

-Ex: nerve conduction velocity vs. maximum breathing capacity (more complex)

53
Q

Lipofuscin is known as the _ pigment, it is a brownish pigment left over from the _ and _ of _ _ cells. Also thought to be?

A

Known as the AGING pigment, it is a brownish pigment left over from the BREAKDOWN AND ABSORPTION of DAMAGED BLOOD cells.

Also thought to be the oxidation product of free radical action

54
Q

Lipofuscin is found in _ _ _, is implicated in many _ _ from _ _ to _ _.

A

Is found in MOST AGING CELLS, is implicated in many AGING DISEASES from MACULAR DEGENERATION to ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE.

55
Q

CV (NA)- Physiological changes: decrease in _ _ and _ _ _; increase in _ _ _; decline in the _ _ to _.

A

Decrease in CARDIAC OUTPUT and MAXIMUM HEART RATE

Increase in SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE

Decline in the CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO STRESS

56
Q

Cardiac output decreases due to a loss of _, specifically _ and a decrease in _ _.

A

Due to a loss of ELASTICITY, specifically CONTRACTION and a decrease in EJECTION FRACTION

57
Q

Increase in systolic blood pressure occurs due to increased _ _ and possible increase in _ _ _.

A

Due to increased PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE and possible increase in PLASMA NOREPINEPHRINE LEVELS

58
Q

Decline in cardiovascular response to stress is due to a decrease in _ _ _ and decreased _ _ .

A

Due to a decrease in HEART RATE ACCELERATION and decreased EJECTION FRACTION

59
Q

What is the best equation to determine maximum heart rate in older people?

A

TANAKA EQUATION:

= 208 - (.7 X age)

60
Q

_ _ is another physiological change that occur with NA in the CV system. Defined as? Occurs? Common complaint? Often causes?

A

ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION

Defined as a drop of 20 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic

Occurs immediately upon rising (sit to stand, supine to sit)

Common complaint is LIGHTHEADEDNESS, often causes FALLS

61
Q

Orthostatic hypotension occurs due to decreased _ and _ _.

A

Decreased BARORECEPTORS and VASCULAR ELASTICITY

62
Q

Pulmonary mechanical changes: decrease in _ _ _ and _ _ _.

A

Decrease in LUNG ELASTIC RECOIL and CHEST WALL EXCURSION.

62
Q

Pulmonary changes- _ of the ribs, decrease in _ _ _, and changes in _ _ (mostly _) all contribute to a decrease in chest wall compliance.

A

CALCIFICATION of the ribs
Decrease in INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE STRENGTH
Changes in SPINAL CURVATURE (mostly KYPHOTIC)

62
Q

What are the two types of pulmonary changes that can occur? Which one is the most significant?

A

Mechanical changes*
Altered gas exchange

*= most significant

62
Q

Pulmonary changes: altered gas exchange is due to decreased _ (_ _), _, and _ _. All occur in?

A

Altered gas exchange is due to decreased: VENTILATION (AIR EXCHANGE), DIFFUSION, and PULMONARY CIRCULATION.

All occur in COMBINATION

62
Q

Decreased ventilation is due to decrease in _ _ _ and increase in _ _.

A

Due to a decrease in TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY and increase in RESIDUAL VOLUME

63
Q

Decreased diffusion is due to thickening of support membrane between _ and _, and decrease in _ _ _.

A

Due to a thickening of support membrane between ALVEOLI and CAPILLARIES, and a decrease in ALVEOLAR SURFACE AREA.

64
Q

Decreased pulmonary circulation is due to a decrease in _ _ _ and _ _.

A

Due to a decrease in CAPILLARY BLOOD VOLUME and BLOOD FLOW.

65
Q

What type of exercise can be helpful to help mitigate the effects of pulmonary changes in the elderly?

A

Breathing exercises

66
Q

What are the five changes that occur in the musculoskeletal system?

A

SuCCoMB

Skeletal changes, cartilage changes, connective tissue changes, muscle change, and body composition changes.

67
Q

Muscle changes are due to a decrease in _ _ and _ (-% of maximal _ is lost by _). Muscle is replaced by _, and there is a _ in the _ and _ of muscle fibers.

A

Muscle changes are due to a decrease in MUSCLE STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE (20-40% of maximal STRENGTH is lost by 65).

Muscle is replaced by FAT, and there is a REDUCTION in the NUMBER and SIZE of muscle fibers.

68
Q

_ _ decreases by 6-7% by the age of 80. Most notable in the _ _ and _.

A

BRAIN MASS decreases . . .

Most notable in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and CEREBELLUM

69
Q

Sensory changes include? (4)

A

Hear TV in the Vestibule

  • Hearing
  • touch
  • vision
  • vestibular
70
Q

Touch changes include a decline in sensitivity to _ _/ _, _, and /. Associated sensory organs?

A

LIGHT TOUCH/ TEXTURE- Meissner’s corpuscle

TEMPERATURE- Krause’s

VIBRATION/ PRESSURE- Pacinian’s

71
Q

Which of the sensory organs for touch affects proprioception? Which sensory tissue remain intact with age? Therefore there is no change in _ _.

A

Affects proprioception is PACINIAN’S

FREE NERVE ENDINGS remain intact with age, therefore there is no change in PAIN RESPONSE.

72
Q

Changes to vision include; decreased _ production and _ , increased difficulty _ _ _ to _ (), and the _ becomes smaller and reacts more slowly to _ changes.

A

Decreased TEAR production and VISUAL ACUITY

Increased difficulty QUICKLY FOCUSING FAR-TO-NEAR (PRESBYOPIA)

PUPIL becomes smaller and reacts more slowly to LIGHT changes.

73
Q

What suggestion might be helpful to a senior who has problem adjusting his/ her vision when going from bright to dim lighting or vice versa?

A

May want to add a chair just inside the door and have them sit down until the eyes adjust, or perhaps just outside the patio door.

74
Q

_ _ occurs more frequently in the later years and is most often _ (_). Problems occur with transmission _ _ _. Most difficulty occurs with _ _.

A

HEARING LOSS occurs more frequently in the later years and is most often due to SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS (PREBYCUSIS).

Problems occur with transmission to the BRAIN

Most difficulty occurs with HIGHER FREQUENCIES

75
Q

Changes in the vestibular system include degeneration of the _ _ (_ and _ _ _). Results in a greater risk for _ of _, especially when _ and _ _ is also diminished.

A

Include degeneration of the SENSORY RECEPTORS (OTOLITHS AND SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS).

Results in a greater risk for LOSS of BALANCE, especially when VISUAL AND PROPRIOCEPTIVE INPUT are also diminished.

76
Q

Which of the senses do older people tend to rely on the most?

A

Vision

77
Q

Normal psychosocial changes in the elderly: theories of successful aging have been proposed to describe the _ older adult use to _ with _- the _ needed to age _.

A

Theories of successful aging have been proposed to describe the STRATEGIES older adults use to COPE WITH AGING- the REQUIREMENTS needed to age SUCCESSFULLY

78
Q

The _ _ was proposed and later withdrawn by Cummings and Henry in the early 1960’s. Stated that as people approach old age they _ from _ that were _ _. Thought of as _ to _- the ultimate _.

A

The DISENGAGEMENT THEORY was proposed and . . . .

Stated that as people approach old age they WITHDRAW from ACTIVITIES that were PREVIOUSLY IMPORTANT.

Thought of as PREPARATORY to DEATH- the ultimate DISENGAGEMENT

79
Q

Newer thinking on disengagement believes that _ _ _ do _ _ disengage from society. _ _ is actually a sign of _ _ such as _. Basically not _ but _.

A

Newer thinking on disengagement believes that HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS do not NATURALLY disengage from society.

DISENGAGEMENT BEHAVIOR is actually a sign of MENTAL ILLNESS such as DEPRESSION. Basically not NORMAL but PATHOLOGICAL.

80
Q

4 main people associated with life development theories? Which have been proposed to describe the _ _ of _.

A

P HEN
-Peck, Havighurst, Erikson, and NEUGARTEN

Theories which have been proposed to describe the DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES of AGING.

81
Q

Erikson is associated with the _ _ of _ _ (_ to _ age). Which two stages do we look at in the older population?

A

Is associated with the EIGHT STAGES of EGO DEVELOPMENT (BIRTH to OLD AGE)

We look at: adulthood and late life

82
Q

According to Erikson in adulthood it is all about _ versus _. Brief description of each.

A

GENERATIVITY (guiding, parenting next generation) versus STAGNATION (anger, hurt, self absorption).

83
Q

According to Erikson Later life stage is all about _ versus _. Brief description of each.

A

INTEGRITY (sense of fulfillment, not fearful of death) versus DESPAIR (unsatisfied, not ready to face death)

84
Q

Peck’s theory looks at _ to achieve _. According to Peck, _ _ requires that older adults move beyond their _ _, their _ and their _ _.

A

Theory looks at TASKS to achieve INTEGRITY.

According to Peck, EGO INTEGRITY requires that older adults move beyond their LIFE’S WORK, their BODIES, and their SEPARATE IDENTITIES.

85
Q

Peck’s theory: ego _ versus _ _ _ (who _ _ versus who _ _)

A

Ego DIFFERENTIATION versus WORK ROLE PREOCCUPATION (who I AM versus who I WAS).

86
Q

Peck: body _ versus body _ (_ versus _ body)

A

Body TRANSCENDENCE versus body PREOCCUPATION (OLD versus NEW body)

87
Q

Peck: Ego _ versus ego _ (who I was _ _ _ versus who I _- _ with it)

A

Ego TRANSCENDENCE versus ego PREOCCUPATION (who I was SUPPOSED TO BE versus who I AM- OK with it)

88
Q

_ _: those who invested heavily in their careers must find other ways to affirm self worth through family, friendships and community

A

EGO DIFFERENTIATION

89
Q

_ _: physical limitations must be surmounted by placing emphasis on strengths- cognitive, emotional and social power.

A

BODY TRANSENDENCE

90
Q

_ _: must face the reality of death constructively through efforts to make life more secure, meaningful, and gratifying for younger generations.

A

EGO TRANSCENDENCE

91
Q

Havighurst theory looks at _ _. He believed in the importance in finding _ and _ _ in old age.

A

Looks at PERSONALITY TYPES

He believed in the importance of finding NEW AND MEANINGFUL ROLES in old age.

92
Q

Havighurst: successful aging is associated with _ _ and _ in _ to _ roles.

A

Is associated with SOCIAL COMPETENCE and FLEXIBILITY in ADAPTING to new roles

93
Q

4 personality types described by Havighurst?

A

IPA U

  • Integrated
  • Passive dependent
  • armored
  • unintegrated
94
Q

Most older people fall into which of Havighurst’s personality types? Known as the “ best _”- adapt _ to _ with a high degree of _.

A

Most- INTEGRATED

Known as the ‘best ADAPTERS”- adapt WELL TO CHANGE with a high degree of COMPETENCE

95
Q

_ _ personality types seek out others for his/ her emotional needs.

A

PASSIVE DEPENDENT personality types . . .

96
Q

Armored individuals are high _ but attempt to _ _

A

Are high ACHIEVERS but attempt to CONTROL ENVIRONMENT

97
Q

The unintegrated are known as the ‘_ _’- exhibit _ _ control and _ . Often dealing with a _ condition ( or _)

A

Are known as the ‘POOREST ADAPTERS’- exhibit POOR EMOTIONAL control and INTELLECTUAL COMPETENCY.

Often dealing with a PATHOLOGICAL condition (MENTAL OR PHYSICAL)

98
Q

Neugartens theory on successful aging discusses accepting the increasing _ of _ _; coping with _ _; accepting the necessary _ on _; and _ and _ emotional gratification.

A

Discusses:

  • accepting the increasing REALITY OF IMMINENT DEATH
  • Coping with PHYSICAL DISABILITY
  • accepting the necessary DEPENDENCE ON SUPPORT
  • GIVING and OBTAINING emotional gratification.
99
Q

What are 2 special circumstances that challenge the elderly?

A

Depression and social isolation

100
Q

Depression is known as the _ _ of the _, affects _ to _% of the elderly. Range is wide due to?

A

Known as the COMMON COLD of the ELDERLY

affects 5 TO 65% of the elderly. Range is wide due to UNDERREPORTING/ STIGMA ATTACHED

101
Q

It is not aging per se that causes depression but the added variables of _ conditions, _ and _ _, _ and _ _.

A

Added variables of CHRONIC conditions, PERSONAL and EMOTIONAL LOSS, INCONTINENCE and COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

102
Q

_ _ is characterized by having at least 5 depressive symptoms for at least two weeks.

A

MAJOR DEPRESSION

103
Q

What are the 3 main categories of symptoms associated with major depression? Which category of depression should a PT recognize as possibly contributing to impairments?

A

SAC
-somatic, affective, cognitive

PT- SOMATIC

104
Q

Which category of major depression is being described: fatigue, altered sleep, weight change, tearful, agitated, palpitations, weakness

A

SOMATIC

105
Q

Which category of major depression is being described: sadness, anxiety, irritability, fear, anger, depersonalization, and feeling distant.

A

AFFECTIVE

106
Q

Which category of major depression is being described: poor concentration, low self-esteem, indecisiveness, guilt, hopelessness, inability to concentrate, and suicidal ideations

A

COGNITIVE

107
Q

If you recognize signs of major depression in your patient what is the best way to help? (2)

A

Have a conversation, and suggest a referral to “someone they can talk to”

108
Q

_ _ is defined as a state in which the individual lacks a sense of belonging socially, lacks engagement with others, has a minimal number of social contacts and is deficient in fulfilling and quality relationships.

A

SOCIAL ISOLATION is defined as . . .

109
Q

4 types of social isolation?

A

PB And Grape jelly

  • Presentation isolation
  • Behavioral isolation
  • Attitudinal isolation
  • Geographic isolation
110
Q

Which type of social isolation is being described: Unacceptable appearance, typically enforced by a family member/ caregiver, and often seen as ‘not presentable’ in public

A

PRESENTATION isolation

111
Q

Which type of social isolation is being described: Society’s response, results in self isolation

A

ATTITUDINAL isolation

112
Q

Which type of social isolation is being described: territorial restriction, do not live where they are comfortable, can cause depression or dementia

A

GEOGRAPHICAL isolation

113
Q

Which type of isolation is being described: unacceptable actions or behaviors in public, more often occurs in Alzheimer’s patients.

A

BEHAVIORAL isolation

114
Q

_ includes any _ where an individual spends 24 hours a day in residence. 3 examples?

A

INSTITUTIONALIZATION includes any INSTITUTION where an . . .

3 examples: ASSISTED LIVING, SNF’S, AND BOARD AND CARE FACILITIES OR ADULT CONGREGATED LIVING FACILITY (east coast name- includes all meals)

115
Q

In an institution a _ _ exists where residents are often on the _ _. _ _ become regulated- 2 examples.

A

In an institution a HIERARCHAL STRUCTURE exists where residents are often on the LOWEST RUNG

PERSONAL HABITS become regulated
- 2 examples: meal time and bathroom time

116
Q

In an institution an individual’s status is defined by his/ her _ with _ or _ _ for _ or _ roles.

A

Status is defined by INSTITUTIONALIZATION with LITTLE or NO REGARD for PREVIOUS OR OUTSIDE roles.

117
Q

The stages of dying are the same as? Developed by?

A

SAME AS GRIEVING

Developed by Kubler- Ross

118
Q

What are the 5 stages of dying? (In order)

A

DAB DA

  • denial
  • anger
  • bargaining
  • depression
  • acceptance
119
Q

From a societal standpoint dying _ is very different than _ _

A

Dying YOUNG is very different than DYING OLD

120
Q

Needs of the dying patient: Freedom from _ and _, _ of _, and maintenance of _ _. Often met in _.

A

Freedom from PAIN AND LONLIENESS, CONSERVATION of ENERGY, and maintenance of SELF ESTEEM

Often met in HOSPICE

Lifespan- Geriactrics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions