Lifespan Final- Pathological changes Flashcards
The incidence of certain diseases increases as age increases such as _ _ disease, _ and _ _.
Such as CORONARY HEART disease, HYPERTENSION, MYOCARDIAL DEGENERATION
CMH
_ infections are not more evident in the elderly but can be more fatal
RESPIRATORY infections are not more . . .
_% of persons over the age of 65 have _ _ of _ _. The 3 major ones are _ conditions, _ _, and _.
70% of persons over the age of 65 have SOME FORM OF CHRONIC ILLNESS
The 3 major ones are HEART CONDITIONS, VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS AND ARTHRITIS
What are the 6 types of cardiovascular manifestations often seen in the elderly?
CCC HIP
- cardiomyopathy
- congestive heart failure
- conduction system diseases
- Hyptension
- ischemic heart disease
- Peripheral vascular disease
_ _ _ or _ heart disease is due to a blockage of blood to the cardiac muscle. Occurs in _% of those age 65-74 and _% of those 75+.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE or ISCHEMIC heart disease is due to a blockage of blood to the cardiac muscle.
Occurs in:
- 40% of those age 65-74
- 50% 75+
Characteristic _ _ is NOT the most common symptom in the elderly. _ is a much more reliable indicator.
Characteristic ANGINAL PAIN is NOT the most common symptom.
DYSPNEA is a much more reliable indicator
CAD can be improved _ _. Causes a _ in HR and BP at a given _ which _ _ demand. Lengthening the _ _ and increasing _ _.
CAD can be improved WITH EXERCISE
Causes a DECREASE in HR and BP at a given WORKLOAD which DECREASES OXYGEN demand
Lengthening the DIASTOLIC PHASE and increasing CORONARY PERFUSION
_ is cardiac muscle hypertrophy. Hypertrophied heart becomes _ and does not easily fill _ _. Often leads to _ _ _.
CARDIOMYOPATHY is cardiac muscle hypertrophy
Hypertrophied heart becomes STIFF and does not easily fill WITH BLOOD
Often leads to CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
With cardiomyopathy the previous thought is that _ is contraindicated and the new thought is that _ can be beneficial if _ _.
Previous thought that EXERCISE is contraindicated and the new thought is that EXERCISE can be beneficial if PROGRESSED APPRIOPRIATELY
_ _ can cause a profound change in a person’s _ of _ and will often result in a _ in _, _ and _.
SERIOUS ILLNESS can cause a profound change in a person’s APPRECIATION of LIFE and will often result in a SHIFT IN GOALS, RELATIONSHIPS, AND VAULES
_ _ _ occurs when the heart is unable to contract strongly enough to empty blood into the peripheral vasculature. As blood flow out of the heart slows, blood returning to the heart though the _ _ _ causing _ in the _ _.
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE occurs when the heart is . . .
As blood flow out of the heart slows, blood returning to he heart through the VEINS BACKS UP causing EDEMA in the PERIPHERAL TISSUE
Congestive heart failure most often results in _ in the _ and _. Fluid may collect in the _ causing _ of _, especially when _ _.
Most often results in SWELLING in the LEGS AND ANKLES
Fluid may collect in the LUNGS causing SHORTNESS OF BREATH, especially when LYING DOWN
Heart failure can also affect the _ ability to _ of _ and _, which in turn increases the _.
Heart failure can also affect the KIDNEY’S ability to DISPOSE OF SODIUM AND WATER, which in turn increases the EDEMA
_ _ _ are characterized by poor propagation of the electrical wave through the heart. Can cause _, _ and _.
CONDUCTION SYSTEM DISEASES are characterized by poor propagation of the electrical wave through the heart
Can cause TACHYCARDIA, BRADYCARDIA AND DYSRHYTHMIAS
Tachycardia is _ than _ beats per minute. Bradycardia is _ than _ beats per minute. And dysrhythmias are _ _ _.
Tachycardia is GREATER THAN 100 beats per minute
Bradycardia IS LESS THAN 60 beats per minute
Dysrhythmias are POORLY COORDINATED CONTRACTIONS
Older adults have a slightly _ _, and it is considered _. Hypertension in someone 65-84 years old is defined as? 85+?
Older adults have a slightly ELEVATED BP and it is considered NECESSARY
Hypertension:
- 65 to 84 is GREATER THAN 140/90
- 85+ GREATER THAN 160/95
Above 160/95 increases the risk of _, _ and _ _.
Increases the risk of STROKE, CHF, AND RENAL FAILURE
In elderly with HTN exercise has a _ _ in _ _.
Has a POSITIVE EFFECT in DECREASING BP
_ _ is defined as a drop off 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic. Occurs immediately _ _, often causes _.
ORTHOSTATIC HYPERTENSION is defined as . . . .
Occurs immediately UPON RISING, often causes FALLS
_ _ _ or _ _ _ are a blockage to the main arterial supply to the limbs. May cause _ _, _ lesions, _, and amputation of _ _. _ can be beneficial.
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE or PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE are blockage to the main arterial supply to the limbs.
May cause INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, SKIN lesions, GANGRENE, and amputation of NECROTIC TISSUE
EXERCISE can be beneficial
What are the 3 main pulmonary manifestations seen in the elderly?
LOP
- lung cancer
- obstructive lung disease
- pneumonia
Pneumonia is the _ _ _ cause of _ in the elderly, and is the most common infection _ _. Often _ in the elderly due to _ _.
Pneumonia is the MOST COMMON INFECTIOUS cause of DEATH in the elderly, and is the most common infection REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION
Often MISDIAGNOSED in the elderly due to ATYPICAL SYMPTOMS
Typical symptoms of pneumonia in the elderly include _, _ _ cycle, and _ to _.
Typical symptoms of pneumonia in the elderly include CONFUSION, ALTERED SLEEP cycle, and FAILURE TO THRIVE.
Lung cancer has the _ _ of _ _ in the US, estimated 87% are related to _.
Lung cancer has the HIGHEST NUMBER OF CANCER DEATHS in the US, estimated 87% are related to SMOKING
