Lifespan Development Flashcards
Studies how you change as well as how you remain the same over the course of your life.
Lifespan development
3 domains of development
Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial
Continuous development
views development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills. With this type of development, there is gradual change.
I.e. a child’s physical growth: adding inches to height year by year.
___________ believe that development takes place in unique stages: It occurs at specific times or ages.
With this type of development, the change is more sudden.
I.e. such as an infant’s ability to conceive object permanence.
Discontinuous
All external conditions that affect a person
Environment (Nurture)
Genetic transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parents to their children (eg. DNA)
Heredity (nature)
Lack of normal stimulation, nutrition, comfort, or love
Deprivation
When an environment is deliberately made more complex and intellectually stimulating and emotionally supportive
Enrichment
Name 4 of Newborn’s reflexes
Grasping reflex, rooting reflex, sucking reflex & Moro (startle) reflex
Close emotional bond that infants form with parents, caregivers, or others
Emotional attachment
The main psychosocial milestone of infancy
Attachment
Crying and signs of fear when a child is left alone or is with a stranger; generally appear around 8-12 months
Separation anxiety
Severe and prolonged distress displayed by children when separated from parents/caregivers.
Separation anxiety disorder
Name the founder.
Wanted to know if children differ in the way they bond, and if so, why.
Used the “Strange Situation Procedure” to study attachment between mothers and their infants.
Mary Ainsworth
Behave oddly, freeze, run around the room in an erratic manner, or run away when the caregiver returns.
Seen in abused kids
Disorganized attachment
Stable and positive emotional bond. The child is calm when the parent returns.
Secure
Anxious emotional bond; desire to be with parent or caregiver and some resistance to being reunited with mother.
Insecure-ambivalent
Anxious emotional bond; does not use the parent as a secure base, tendency to avoid reunion with parent or caregiver.
Insecure-avoidant
Primary psychosocial milestone of childhood
Self concept
Name the parenting style:
- Rigid rules
- Demand strict obedience to authority
- Children -emotionally stiff and lacking in curiosity
Authoritarian parents
Name the parenting style:
Little guidance
Too much freedom
No accountability
Children-dependent, immature, and frequently misbehave
Overly permissive
Name the parenting style:
Firm and consistent guidance
Combined with love and affection
Children- competent, self-controlled, independent, & assertive(bold)
Authoritative
________dilemma: Conflict between personal impulses and the social world.
Psychosocial
_____development: When we acquire values, beliefs, and thinking abilities that guide responsible behavior.
Moral
What are the stages in the Psychosexual theory of development?
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
Concepts used to help us categorize and interpret information
Schemata
Stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Concept that objects still exist when they are out of sight
Toddlers do not have this
Object permanence
Children begin to use language and think symbolically
Their thinking is still intuitive and egocentric
Which stage of Piaget’s concept is this?
Pre-operational
Children are able to use concepts of time, space, volume, and number BUT in ways that remain simplified and concrete; not abstract
The Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
Thinking now includes abstract, theoretical, and hypothetical ideas
Formal Operational Stage (11 Years and Up)
Name Kohlberg’s Three Levels of Moral Development
Pre-conventional morality
conventional morality
Post-conventional morality
8 stages of development; each stage consists of task/conflict to resolve
Name the theory
Psychosocial theory of development
Name the 8 stages of development
Stage One: Trust vs Mistrust (Birth – 2 years)
Stage Two: Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (2–4 years)
Stage Three: Initiative versus Guilt (4–5 years)
Stage Four: Industry versus Inferiority (5/6–12 years)
Stage Five (Adolescence): Identity versus Role Confusion (12-19 years)
Stage Six (Young Adulthood): Intimacy versus Isolation (20-40 years)
Stage Seven (Middle Adulthood): Generativity versus Stagnation (40-65 years)
Stage Eight (Late Adulthood): Integrity versus Despair (65-death)
Five Basic Reactions to Death
Denial and Isolation
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
________- Discrimination or prejudice based on a person’s age
________- study aging and its effects
Ageism
Gerontologists
______ abilities: Abilities requiring speed or rapid learning; based on perceptual and motor abilities; may decrease with age
fluid
________ abilities: Learned (accumulated) knowledge and skills; vocabulary and basic facts. Generally increases with age.
Crystallized
