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Introductory to Psychology > Brain & Behavior > Flashcards

Brain & Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

The central nervous system consists of:

A

Brain & spinal cord

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2
Q

Glial cells:

  • Play a ___________ role to neurons (physically and metabolically)
  • Help neurons _________ with each other
  • Provide ________ to neurons
  • Transport: _______ and ______ products
  • Mediate _______ responses
A

supportive
closely line up
insulation
nutrients & waste
immune

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3
Q
  • Interconnected information processors
  • Essential for all the tasks of the nervous system.
  • Central building blocks of the nervous system

What are they?

A

Neurons

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4
Q

The nucleus of the neuron is located here

A

Soma/Cell body

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5
Q

Input sites where signals are received from other neurons

A

Dendrites

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6
Q

Signals are transmitted electrically across the soma and down a major extension called the _____.

A

axon

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7
Q

Body of the neuron. Receives and sends messages down the axon

A

Soma/cell body

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8
Q

Receive messages from other neurons (input sites)

A

Dendrites

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9
Q

Fiber that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron

A

Axon

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10
Q

Microscopic space between two neurons over which messages pass

A

Synapse

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11
Q

Its main job is to take care of the neurons

A

Glial cells (Glia)

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12
Q

The information processing & transmitting element of the nervous system.

A

Neurons

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13
Q

Glia cells form a fatty substance called: _______

These fatty substances coat the axons & act as an ________.

A

Myelin Sheath

insulator

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14
Q

The neuron exists in a fluid environment.(surrounded by ______fluid and contains _______fluid)

What keeps these 2 fluids separate?

A

extracellular , intracellular

Neuronal membrane

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15
Q

The electrical signal that passes through the neuron depends on the two fluids being electrically _______.

A

Different

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16
Q

The difference in charge across the membrane:

A

membrane potential (provides energy for signal)

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17
Q

Between signals: neuron membrane’s potential is in a state of ________ (______ potential)

A

readiness, resting

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18
Q

______ potential – all-or-none phenomenon (incoming signal is either sufficient/not to reach the threshold of excitation)

A

Action

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19
Q

Neuronscommunicate with each other via electrical events called ‘_______’ and ________neurotransmitters.

A

action potentials
chemical

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20
Q

At the junction between two neurons (______), an action potential causes neuron A to release a ___________.

The_________can either help (excite) or hinder (inhibit) neuron B from firing its own action potential.

A

synapse
chemical neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter

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21
Q

Chemicals that alter activity in neurons; brain chemicals.

A

neurotransmitters

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22
Q

Drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance.

A

Psychotropic medications

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23
Q

All parts of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

24
Q

What are the 2 Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Somatic &
Autonomic system

25
Q

The ______carries messages to and from skeletal muscles and sense organs; controls voluntary behavior.

e.x. jumping , running (anything you do voluntarily).

A

Somatic system

26
Q

The ______ serves internal organs and glands; controls automatic functions such as heart rate and digestion.

A

Autonomic system

27
Q

2 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

28
Q

The extension of the brain

A

Spinal cord

29
Q

Nerve cell that carries messages from the senses toward the CNS, ie. touch, taste, vision, smell, auditory

A

Sensory neuron

30
Q

Cell that carries commands from the CNS to muscles and glands

A

Motor neuron

31
Q

_________: Simplest behavior; occurs when a stimulus provokes an automatic response.

ie. hand moving away from heat source

A

Reflex arc

32
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The brain can be changed, both structurally and chemically, by experience or damage.

33
Q

Two large hemispheres that covers the upper part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

34
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere divided into __lobes

A

4

35
Q

Bundle of fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

36
Q

_________ lobe

Controls movement, sense of smell, and higher mental functions.

Contains _______cortex; controls motor movement.

_______cortex: involved in sense of self, reasoning, and planning

A

Frontal
primary motor
pre-frontal

37
Q

Language disturbance resulting from brain damage

A

Broca’s Aphasia

38
Q

________ lobe.

Contains Primary________ cortex: Receiving area for bodily sensations.

Controls bodily sensations such as touch, pain, and temperature

Different areas of the cortex processes sensations from different part of our body.

A

Parietal
somatosensory

39
Q

_______ lobe.

Understanding language, memory acquisition, face recognition, object recognition, perception, and processing auditory information.

Primary auditory area: Auditory information is first registered here

A

Temporal

40
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Related to language comprehension; in the left temporal lobe.

If damaged, a person will have problems with the meanings of words, NOT pronunciation

41
Q

_______ lobe.

vision center

Responsible for interpreting incoming visual
interpretation.

Primary visual area

A

Occipital

42
Q

Visual Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize visually presented objects

e.x. seeing kettle as a book

43
Q

Facial Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize familiar faces

44
Q

Relays sensory information on the way to the cortex; acts as a switchboard

A

Thalamus

45
Q

Regulates emotional behaviors and motives (e.g., sex, hunger, rage, hormone release)

A

Hypothalamus

46
Q

Associated with fear responses

A

Amygdala

47
Q

Associated with storing permanent memories; helps us navigate through space

A

Hippocampus

48
Q

In the hindbrain (brain stem):

____: Controls vital life functions such as heart rate, swallowing, and breathing

A

Medulla

49
Q

In the hindbrain (brain stem):

______: Regulates posture, muscle tone, and muscular coordination

A

Cerebellum

50
Q

Computer-enhanced X-ray of the brain or body

A

Computerized Tomographic Scanning (CT):

51
Q

Uses a strong magnetic field, not an X-ray, to produce an image of the body’s interior

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

52
Q

Computer-generated color image of brain activity, based on glucose consumption in the brain

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

53
Q

MRI that makes brain activity visible

can produce images of brain activity as fast as every second

scientists can determine with greater precision when brain regions become active and how long they remain active.

A

Functional MRI

fMRI

54
Q

A device that detects, amplifies, and records electrical activity in the brain. Often used to record cognitive processes.

A

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

55
Q

______ gland: Regulates growth via growth hormone

Its hormones influence other endocrine glands

A

Pituitary

56
Q

Hypopituitary dwarfism

A

As adults, perfectly proportioned but tiny

57
Q

Enlargement of arms, hands, feet, and facial bones; due to too much growth hormone secreted late in growth period

A

Acromegaly

Introductory to Psychology (6 decks)

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