lifespan changes in the phonatory system Flashcards
position of larynx in infancy
c3-c4
cartilages in infancy are
soft and flexible
- hyoid overlaps thyroid
- thyroid is flatter (no adams apple)
- arytenoids look larger
- epiglottis is bulky and omega shaped
infant VFs
- 1.5-3mm
- membranous/cartilaginous glottis about equal
- no differentiation of vocal ligament into collagenous and elastin fibers (begins at 4YO and isn’t complete until after puberty)
f0 of infant vocalizations
-F0: 400-600 Hz
Acoustic characteristics of infant vocalizations
- reflexive
- few changes in intensity and duration
- cries, coughs, burps
f0 in premature infants..
- increased
- cry greater than 600 Hz is related to CNS pathology
- crie du chat cry of the cat
childhood f0
drops to around 230-250 Hz
laryngeal changes in childhood
- larynx increases in size and descends in neck
- differentiation of lamina propria begins
growth during puberty is regulated by
male and female sex hormones
-androgens (testosterone) and estrogens
growth during puberty males vs females
- male larynx increases 2-3X more (12mm) then females (4mm)
- angle of thyroid becomes more acute in males
- male pitch drops 1 octave
- female pitch drops 1-3 semitones
growth during puberty shared
- larynx descends to c6-c7
- area above pharynx has elongated and changed in per portion, pitch decreases, resonance changes (longer vocal tract)
adult female voice is subject to fluctuations due to:
- estrogen causes increased glandular secretion and reduced muscosal viscosity (VFs less easily moved)
- progesterone causes decreased glandular secretions and mucosal dehydration
premenstrual vocal syndrome
- vocal fatigue, decreased range, loss of high harmonics
- larngoscopy shows mucosal edema (swelling), thickened and reduce glandular secretions, reduced amplitude of vibration, vascular disturbances (varicose veins, hemorrhages)
- MAY be relieve by oral contraceptive pills
vocal aging is related to..
- structural and physiological changes
- state of health
- gender
- medications (xerostomia-dry mouth is common side effect)
how gender affects aging
- men age earlier
- men are not affected by menopause
age related changes DO NOT occur…
suddenly
structural changes in aging
- ossification of cartilages
- joint damage
- muscular atrophy
- connective tissue changes in lamina propria
ossification of cartilages
- turn to bone
- doesnt move as easily
joint damage
- can be affected by arthritis
- joints become eroded
muscular atrophy
- common in males
- cricothyroid mms becomes weaker=
- breathy voice, increased pitch
- bc they’re thinner with less weight
connective tissues changes in lamina propria
-less visco-elasticity, not able to more as flexibly
FO changes
- extremely variable
- increases in males
- decreases in females
- increase in variability
intensity changes
- decreased intensity, less mms strength, sub glottal pressure
- decreased respiratory function, due to posture, lungs lose elasticity, less efficient nerve supply to chest and laryngeal mms
- increased breathiness
age related disorders that impact voice production
- COPD
- coronary artery disease
- CNS disorders
presbyphonia
3 categories
- auditory perceptual changes
- visual perceptual changes (endoscopy)
- acoustic changes (f0, intensity)-result from structural changes and cause changes to voice output
