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voice disorders > laryngeal muscles > Flashcards

laryngeal muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Membranous Glottis

A

3/5th of anterior portion

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2
Q

Cartilaginous Glottis

A

remainder posterior 2/5ths

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3
Q

Vestibule

A

Supraglottal region that begins inferiorly just above the ventricular folds to the opening of the larynx

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4
Q

Subglottal Atrium

A

from vocal folds (just below glottis) and below-lined with cilia to help remove mucus accumulations and foreign matter from respiratory tract

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5
Q

Valleculae

A

space between epiglottis and root of tongue

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6
Q

Ventricle (Laryngeal Ventricle)

A

small supraglottis region between vocal folds and ventricular folds

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7
Q

Ventricular Folds

A

aka False folds-soft and flaccid indentations-incapable of becoming tense-under normal circumstances do not vibrate during phonation-false glottis is larger than actual glottis

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8
Q

Intrinsic muscles

A

muscles that have both attachments inside the larynx

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9
Q

Cricothyroid muscles

A
  • bilateral pairs of mms fibers that span superiolaterally between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages
  • pars recta (VERTICAL)
  • pars oblique (ANGLED)
  • pulls thyroid down toward cricoid
  • ELONGATES VFs
  • major pitch regulator
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10
Q

Pars Recta

A

VERTICAL mms fibers

  • rocks thyroid anteriorly and inferiorly (forward and down), closer to cricoid
  • inferior border of thyroid
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11
Q

Pars Oblique

A
  • ANGLED
  • inferior horn of thyroid
  • pulls thyroid anteriorly
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12
Q

Cricothyroid muscles overall action

A
  • rock cricoid and thyroid closer to the other
  • lengthens VFs, thus increasing tension and decreasing mass
  • affecting pitchincrease length and tension of VFs
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13
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PCA)

A

ONLY VF ABDUCTOR

-large fan shaped muscle located on the dorsal surface of the cricoid

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14
Q

PCA origin

A

posterior cricoid lamina

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15
Q

PCA insert

A

muscular process of arytenoid

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16
Q

PCA action

A

abducts the arytenoids, thus abducting the VFs

*only Vf abductor of larynx

17
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA)

A

small muscle, yet very important for vocalization

18
Q

LCA origin

A

lateral portion of the cricoid cartilage

19
Q

LCA insert

A

posterosuperior (back and up) course to the lateral half of the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage

20
Q

LCA action

A

ADDUCTION, or bringing the VFs together

  • antagonist to PCA
  • involved in medial compression-the force exerted to close VFs
  • closes membranous glottis
21
Q

Interarytenoids (IA)

A

between the arytenoids

  • includes oblique arytenoid and the transverse arytenoid muscles
  • closes cartilaginous glottis
22
Q

OIA action

A

adduct VFs
agonist (works with) to LCA
-runs across diagonally

23
Q

TIA action

A

powerful VF adductor, draw apexes together

-runs laterally

24
Q

Thryoarytenoid (TA)

A

extends anterior-posteriorly (front to back) to make up the muscle mass of the vocal folds (true vocal folds) composed of medial and lateral parts

25
Q

Medial TA (vocalis)

A

inserts to vocal process

26
Q

Lateral TA (muscularis)

A

inserts to muscular process

27
Q

TA action

A

decreases distance between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages, thus shortening VFs

  • acts as a regulator of longitudinal tension
  • PITCH
  • when unopposed by other mm’s, TA relaxes VFs
  • when opposed by other mm’s, increase in tension of VFs
28
Q

Cover of VFs

A

epithelium and superficial layer of lamina propria

29
Q

Transition of VFs

A

immediate and deep layers of lamina propriaalso make up vocal ligament

30
Q

Body of VFs

A

throarytenoid muscles

31
Q

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles (strap muscles)

A

muscles that have 1 attachment to structures outside of the larynx-primarily responsible for the support of the larynx and for fixing it in position

32
Q

Infrahyoids

A
  • point of attachment outside of larynx is below hyoid bone
  • when mm’s contract, they pull the larynx down
  • origin is inferior to insertion
  • 4
  • sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, thryohyoid
33
Q

suprahyoids

A
  • attachment outside larynx is above hyoid bone
  • when mm’s contract, pull larynx and hyoid up
  • origin is superior to insertion
  • important for swallowing
  • digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid (mandible), geniohyoid (tongue)
34
Q

skeletal muscles

A
  • under voluntary control
  • made up of individual mms fibers
  • uniquely it can contract
  • moves structure to which it attaches
35
Q

type 1 mms fibers

A
  • aka slow twitch
  • slow contraction time, 10-30 twitches/sec
  • sustain mms construction for long time w/o fatigue
  • marathon runner, smaller, run 4 hours
36
Q

type 2a mms fibers

A
  • fast twitch
  • higher fire rate, 30-70/sec
  • fatigue quicker
  • large amount of force for brief amount of time
37
Q

type 2x mms fibers

A
  • twice as fast contraction as type 2a

- relatively fatigue resistant (not as much as type 1)

38
Q

type 1 and 2 laryngeal mms

A
  • mms involved in glottal closure has a high proportion of type 2 fibers and are FAST contracting (must be fast for like sustenance)
  • mms involved in respiration (slow process) and pitch change (lasts over several words and phrases) has more type 1 fibers and are SLOWER contracting

voice disorders (10 decks)

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