Life Sustaining Processes Pt1 (cells)- MG

Question 1

What is DNA and where’s it located?

Answer 1

Is found inside the nucleus of a cell and contains hereditary information. It’s coiled into structures called chromosomes

Question 2

What are genes, they’re role, and location?

Answer 2

They’re used to make particular proteins, and are responsible for determining the traits or an individual. They are found in sections of DNA

Question 3

What are hereditary characteristics and what do they determine? Give examples

Answer 3

Genetic info is what determines the Hereditary characteristics (physical & physiological) inherited by an individual. Ex. Having 2 eyes, 5 fingers on one hand, hair/eye colour, blood type, face shape, height, the way your organs function.

Question 4

What are chromosomes and where do they come from?

Answer 4

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell and are made up of coiled DNA. They look like tiny rods. Half of the chromosomes come from your mother (ovum) and the other half from your father (spermatozoon)—> each parents gave u 23 chromosomes.

Question 5

What is it called when the ovum and spermatozoon combine, and what does it have?

Answer 5

It’s called a zygote and it’s a cell that has a full set of chromosomes (46)

Question 6

What is a main thing that zygotes will do?

Answer 6

They will undergo cell division (mitosis) and use that one cell to make identical copies of itself so every cell in your body (except spermatozoon or ova) will contain 46 chromosomes in its nucleus.

Question 7

How many chromosomes in 1 human cell (pairs and total)?

Answer 7

23 pairs, 46 total

Question 8

Fill in the blank: every cell of a living organism has the same number of chromosomes inside of the nucleus except the ____.

Answer 8

Gametes (spermatozoa and ova in humans)

Question 9

What’s a Gamete?

Answer 9

Cell for the purpose of sexual reproduction (ovum and spermatozoon)

Question 10

What type of chromosomes (x or y) for a girl & boy?

Answer 10

Girl: XX
Boy: XY

Question 11

Explain defective genes.. give examples

Answer 11

If your parents give you any defective genes, it could lead to hereditary illnesses like epilepsy, cystic fibrosis or muscular dystrophy

Question 12

What is diffusion?

Answer 12

Movement of solute molecules from an area of high concentration of solute to an area of low concentration of solute

Question 13

Which substances undergo diffusion?

Answer 13

Oxygen and carbon dioxide (solute molecules)

Question 14

What states of matter does diffusion go through?

Answer 14

Liquid and gass

Question 15

When must diffusion go through in order to spread? (Part of a Cell)

Answer 15

Membrane

Question 16

What is equilibrium?

Answer 16

Once there are equal amounts of molecules on either side of the membrane. Particles are evenly distributed.

Question 17

What happens to molecules during equilibrium (i.e. do they stop moving)?

Answer 17

Molecules never stop moving when equilibrium is reached. Instead, the particles continue to move cross the membrane, however there will always be approximately the same amount of articles on either side.

Question 18

What does permeable mean?

Answer 18

It means the membrane allows substances to pas through.

Question 19

What does impermeable mean?

Answer 19

Substances are unable to pas through the membrane.

Question 20

What does semi-permeable mean?

Answer 20

The membrane allow certain substances to pass through, while others are unable to pass.

Question 21

What is osmosis?

Answer 21

It’s the movement of water molecules from an area of more water to less water.

Question 22

Which substance undergoes osmosis?

Answer 22

Water (solvent)

Question 23

What is an input?

Answer 23

Substances/type of energy that enters the cell and are essential to its activities.

Question 24

What is an output?

Answer 24

Substances/type of energy that exits the cell.

Question 25

What are inputs & outputs for animal cells during cellular respiration?

Answer 25

Inputs: Glucose and oxygen
Outputs: Water, Carbon Dioxide, Energy

Question 26

What are inputs & outputs for plant cells during cellular respiration?

Answer 26

Inputs: Water, carbon dioxide, energy (sun’s light)
Outputs: Glucose and oxygen

Question 27

What part of the cell does Cellular respiration take place?

Answer 27

Mitochondria

Question 28

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 28

Chemical reaction the releases the required energy from glucose.

Question 29

What does cellular respiration need in order to break down glucose into simpler molecules, and what does it result in?

Answer 29

It needs water to break down glucose, producing water and CO2. This reaction causes a lot of energy.

Question 30

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 30

1 C6,H12,06 (glucose) + 6 02 (oxygen) = 6 H2O (water) + 6 CO2 (carbon dioxide) + energy.

Question 31

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 31

Chemical reaction done y producers (green plants and algae) where they transform energy from the sun into food for themselves (glucose).

Question 32

In what part of the cell does photo synthesis occur?

Answer 32

Chloroplasts (green organelle that has chlorophyll)

Question 33

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 33

6 H2O (water) + 6 CO2 + energy (light) = 1 C6,H12,O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 (oxygen)

Question 34

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 34

Surrounds cytoplasm and controls movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Question 35

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

Answer 35

Contains organelles (jelly-like substance) and substances travel through here.

Question 36

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 36

Provides energy using cellular respiration for the cell’s survival

Question 37

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 37

Controls cell’s activities. You can think of it as the “brain” of the cell.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: a chromosome contains millions of ____ and contains ____ info.

Answer 38

Genes, hereditary