Changes In Matter Pt.2 (Mixtures) - MG

Question 1

What is a pure substance? What are the two options that it can be classified by?

Answer 1

Something that contains only one type of particle. Can be classified as an element (only one type of atom) or a compound (two or more elements that have bonded together).

Question 2

What is a mixture?

Answer 2

Result of a physical change that happens when 2 or more substances are combined.

Question 3

What are phases in a mixture?

Answer 3

A mixture can have one or more phases. It corresponds to each visible solid, liquid, or gaseous component of a mixture. (Ex. Blueberry muffin: batter=1 solid phase blueberries= 1solid phase)

Question 4

How many phases does tab water have?

Answer 4

1

Question 5

What is a Homogeneous mixture?

Answer 5

A mixture made of 2 or more substances but they cannot be distinguished just by looking at them meaning it only has one visible phase. In terms of molecules, they’re evenly distributed.

Question 6

What is a Heterogeneous mixture?

Answer 6

Mixture made of two or more substances that can be distinguished just by looking at them, meaning it has more than one visible phase. In terms of molecules, particles are not evenly distributed.

Question 7

What are the three types of mixtures?

Answer 7

Solutions, suspension, emulsions

Question 8

What is a solution? What is it made up of?

Answer 8

Homogeneous mixture where one thing dissolves (solute) in another substance (solvent). Ex. Salt water. It made of at least one solute and one solvent. —> solute+solvent=solution

Question 9

What is a suspension?

Answer 9

Heterogeneous mixture where a solid doesn’t dissolve and gets suspended in a liquid. Ex. Muddy water

Question 10

What is an emulsion?

Answer 10

Heterogeneous mixture of liquids that separate int layers. The liquids are immiscible (meaning they do not mix). Ex. Oil and water

Question 11

What is a solute?

Answer 11

Solid, liquid or gas that is being dissolved.There is usually less solute present compared to the solvent in a solution.

Question 12

What is a solvent?

Answer 12

Is a solid, liquid, or gas that the solute is being dissolved in (what does the dissolving). There is usually more solvent present in a solution compared to a solute

Question 13

What does soluble mean?

Answer 13

Something that can dissolve in something else

Question 14

What is it called when metals combine w other substances?

Answer 14

Alloy

Question 15

What do alloys have to become in order to form solid solutions?

Answer 15

They must become completely soluble in each other

Question 16

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 16

It’s a solution that uses water as a solvent

Question 17

What can a solute in an aqueous solution be? (3)

Answer 17

Solid, liquid, or gas

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Many aqueous solutions are _____ (____) or lightly ____ and translucent (light can pass through them)

Answer 18

Transparent, (clear), coloured

Question 19

What is the first step to make an aqueous solution?

Answer 19

Get the mass of your solute using a weigh boat and scale

Question 20

What is the second step to make an aqueous solution?

Answer 20

Pour the solid into your volumetric flask

Question 21

What is the third step to make an aqueous solution?

Answer 21

And a bit of water into the volumetric flask (enough to dissolve the solid) and swirl it around until solid is dissolved

Question 22

What is the forth step to make an aqueous solution?

Answer 22

Add water to the calibration line on the volumetric flask. Read meniscus

Question 23

What is the fifth step to make an aqueous solution?

Answer 23

Cap the volumetric flask and tilt it upside down a couple times. This ensures that the particles are evenly distributed

Question 24

Why do people separate mixtures?

Answer 24

Bc sometimes want to only use a part of a mixture or want to study the components of a mixture separately

Question 25

Explain how sieving works and what type of mixture it would be used for.

Answer 25

A sieve is the type of strainer that contains holes that separates solids according to their size. Bigger particles in the holes remain in the sieve and smaller ones pass-through. Used to separate suspensions

Question 26

Explain how filtration works and what type of mixture it would be used for.

Answer 26

It’s used to separate suspensions of a solid made of small particles in a liquid. The mixture is placed in a filtering funnel so that the solid remains in the filter paper because it cannot pass through while the liquid passes through the filter paper into an Erlenmeyer flask

Question 27

Explain how decantation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.

Answer 27

It’s used to separate emulsions using gravity. The mixture is poured into a separatory funnel and each layer is poured onto a separate container

Question 28

Explain how solid decantation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.

Answer 28

Used for a suspension. It involves pouring the liquid of a mixture along a glass stir rod into one beaker and therefore leaving the solid in another beaker.

Question 29

Explain how centrifugation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.

Answer 29

Used to separate suspensions or emulsions. Mixtures are placed in a large, fast spinning machine called a centrifuge. The mixtures are spun so fast, that the components can be separated quickly into layers which can be further separated from one another.

Question 30

Explain how evaporation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.

Answer 30

Used to collect solid from suspension/solution. It’s done by adding the mixture to a heat source to evaporate and only be left w the solid

Question 31

Explain how distillation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.

Answer 31

Used to separate and collect both the solute and solvent from the solution. You must pour a mixture into a distillation flask and then heating the mixture so a liquid from the mixture evaporates and turns into a gas

Question 32

What does miscible mean

Answer 32

(of liquids) forming a homogeneous mixture when added together.