Changes In Matter Pt.2 (Mixtures) - MG Flashcards
What is a pure substance? What are the two options that it can be classified by?
Something that contains only one type of particle. Can be classified as an element (only one type of atom) or a compound (two or more elements that have bonded together).
What is a mixture?
Result of a physical change that happens when 2 or more substances are combined.
What are phases in a mixture?
A mixture can have one or more phases. It corresponds to each visible solid, liquid, or gaseous component of a mixture. (Ex. Blueberry muffin: batter=1 solid phase blueberries= 1solid phase)
How many phases does tab water have?
1
What is a Homogeneous mixture?
A mixture made of 2 or more substances but they cannot be distinguished just by looking at them meaning it only has one visible phase. In terms of molecules, they’re evenly distributed.
What is a Heterogeneous mixture?
Mixture made of two or more substances that can be distinguished just by looking at them, meaning it has more than one visible phase. In terms of molecules, particles are not evenly distributed.
What are the three types of mixtures?
Solutions, suspension, emulsions
What is a solution? What is it made up of?
Homogeneous mixture where one thing dissolves (solute) in another substance (solvent). Ex. Salt water. It made of at least one solute and one solvent. —> solute+solvent=solution
What is a suspension?
Heterogeneous mixture where a solid doesn’t dissolve and gets suspended in a liquid. Ex. Muddy water
What is an emulsion?
Heterogeneous mixture of liquids that separate int layers. The liquids are immiscible (meaning they do not mix). Ex. Oil and water
What is a solute?
Solid, liquid or gas that is being dissolved.There is usually less solute present compared to the solvent in a solution.
What is a solvent?
Is a solid, liquid, or gas that the solute is being dissolved in (what does the dissolving). There is usually more solvent present in a solution compared to a solute
What does soluble mean?
Something that can dissolve in something else
What is it called when metals combine w other substances?
Alloy
What do alloys have to become in order to form solid solutions?
They must become completely soluble in each other
What is an aqueous solution?
It’s a solution that uses water as a solvent
What can a solute in an aqueous solution be? (3)
Solid, liquid, or gas
Fill in the blank: Many aqueous solutions are _____ (____) or lightly ____ and translucent (light can pass through them)
Transparent, (clear), coloured
What is the first step to make an aqueous solution?
Get the mass of your solute using a weigh boat and scale
What is the second step to make an aqueous solution?
Pour the solid into your volumetric flask
What is the third step to make an aqueous solution?
And a bit of water into the volumetric flask (enough to dissolve the solid) and swirl it around until solid is dissolved
What is the forth step to make an aqueous solution?
Add water to the calibration line on the volumetric flask. Read meniscus
What is the fifth step to make an aqueous solution?
Cap the volumetric flask and tilt it upside down a couple times. This ensures that the particles are evenly distributed
Why do people separate mixtures?
Bc sometimes want to only use a part of a mixture or want to study the components of a mixture separately
Explain how sieving works and what type of mixture it would be used for.
A sieve is the type of strainer that contains holes that separates solids according to their size. Bigger particles in the holes remain in the sieve and smaller ones pass-through. Used to separate suspensions
Explain how filtration works and what type of mixture it would be used for.
It’s used to separate suspensions of a solid made of small particles in a liquid. The mixture is placed in a filtering funnel so that the solid remains in the filter paper because it cannot pass through while the liquid passes through the filter paper into an Erlenmeyer flask
Explain how decantation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.
It’s used to separate emulsions using gravity. The mixture is poured into a separatory funnel and each layer is poured onto a separate container
Explain how solid decantation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.
Used for a suspension. It involves pouring the liquid of a mixture along a glass stir rod into one beaker and therefore leaving the solid in another beaker.
Explain how centrifugation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.
Used to separate suspensions or emulsions. Mixtures are placed in a large, fast spinning machine called a centrifuge. The mixtures are spun so fast, that the components can be separated quickly into layers which can be further separated from one another.
Explain how evaporation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.
Used to collect solid from suspension/solution. It’s done by adding the mixture to a heat source to evaporate and only be left w the solid
Explain how distillation works and what type of mixture it would be used for.
Used to separate and collect both the solute and solvent from the solution. You must pour a mixture into a distillation flask and then heating the mixture so a liquid from the mixture evaporates and turns into a gas
What does miscible mean
(of liquids) forming a homogeneous mixture when added together.
