Life span final exam Flashcards
What is activity theory?
The more active older adults are the more likely they are to be happier and satisfied with their lives
What is selective optimization with compensation theory?
It states that aging depends on 3 factors; selection, optimization and compensation. It describes how people can allocate resources to new tasks they want to master.
What is socioemotional selectivity theory?
states that motivation changes in response to narrowing time horizons. It was developed by Laura Castern and states that older adults actively withdraw from social contacts with individuals who are peripheral to their lives while maintaining or increasing contact with close friends and family members with whom they have had enjoyable relationships.
What is contemporary life events approach?
In the contemporary life-events approach, how life events influence the individual’s development depends not only on the life event itself but also on mediating factors (such as physical health and family supports), the individual’s adaptation to the life event (such as appraisal of the threat and coping strategies), the life-stage context, and the sociohistorical context.
What is wisdom?
is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters. This practical knowledge involves exceptional insight into human development and life matters, good judgment, and an understanding of how to cope with difficult life problems. Baltes and his colleagues have found that high levels of wisdom are rare, the time frame of late adolescence and early adulthood is the main window for wisdom to emerge, factors other than age are critical for wisdom to develop, and personality-related factors are better predictors of wisdom than cognitive factors such as intelligence.
what is episodic memory?
is the retention of information about the details of life’s happenings. For example, the color of the walls in your bedroom when you were a child, and what you were doing during the world trade center attack. Younger adults have better episodic memory
What is declarative/explicit memory?
it is sometimes called explicit memory and it is memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state. Examples of explicit memory include being at a grocery store and remembering what you wanted to buy, being able to name the capital of Illinois, or recounting the events in a movie you have see
What is sematic memory?
It is a person’s knowledge about the world. examples include fields of expertise, such as knowledge of chess for a skilled chess player; general academic knowledge of the sort learned in school, such as knowledge of geometry; and “everyday knowledge” about the meanings of words, the names of famous individuals, the significance of important places, and common things such as what day is Valentine’s Day
what is procedural/implicit memory?
it is memory without conscious recollection. it involves skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically. Examples of implicit memory include driving a car, swinging a golf club, or typing on a computer keyboard without having to consciously think about how to perform these tasks.
what are cognitive declines in processing speed of older adults?
Although the speed of processing information slows down in late adulthood, there is considerable individual variation in this ability. These variations in thinking speed appear to be correlated with the physical aspects of aging. Accumulated knowledge may compensate to some degree for slower processing speed in older adults. Researchers have found that a slowing of processing speed is linked to the emergence of dementia over the next six years. The decline in processing speed in older adults is likely due to a decline in the functioning of the brain and central nervous system
What is perceptual speed in late adulthood?
A decline in perceptual speed is associated with memory decline. Successful aging does not mean eliminating memory decline altogether, but it does mean reducing the decline and adapting to it.
What are other cognitive skills that remain stable or decline in older adults?
in late adulthood explicit memory declines more than implicit memory; episodic memory declines more than semantic memory; working memory also declines. Components of executive function—such as cognitive control and working memory—decline in late adulthood. Declines also occur in metacognition and theory of mind in older adults.
Who was levinson and what was his study on midlife crisis?
views midlife as a crisis, arguing that the middle-aged adult is suspended between the past and the future, trying to cope with this gap that threatens life’s continuity. See midlife as a crisis
what is Valliants study on midlife crisis?
“Grant Study” concludes that just as adolescence is a time for detecting parental flaws and discovering the truth about childhood, the forties are a decade of reassessing and recording the truth about one’s adolescence and adulthood. sees only a small number of adults experience a midlife crisis
What chronic diseases/disorders are common to males and females in middle and late adulthood?
Heart disease, cancer and stroke. arthritis is the leading disease in middle adulthood followed by hypertension
What is sternbergs triangular theory of love?
Sternberg proposed a triarchic theory of love in which love can be thought of as a triangle with three main dimensions—passion, intimacy, and commitment.
What are the components of affectionate love?
intimacy and commitment
what are the components of compassionate love?
passion, intimacy and commitment
What are the components of factious love?
passion and commitment
