Life science Flashcards
Plant cell
The basic unit of life in organisms for the Plant kingdom
Animal cell
a form of a eukaryotic cell that is distinct from plant cells in that it does not have a rigid cell wall
organelle
a tiny structure within a cell that performs a specific function for that cell
mitochondria
an organelle in eukaryotic cells that is the site of cellular respiration and generates most of the cell’s ATP
Cell membrane
the boundary that surrounds a cell and controls which substances can enter or leave the cell
Cell wall
a stiff structure that surrounds and protects a cell; found in plant, fungus, and some bacteria cells
Cytoplasm
the liquid in the inside of a living cell
Golgi Apparatus
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough & smooth)
Rough ER is called rough because it has ribosomes attached to its surface. The double membranes of smooth and rough ER form sacs called cisternae.
Ribosomes
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
Centrioles
a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Chloroplast
an organ in a plant cell that turns energy from the sun into chemical energy for the plant to use
Vesicle
a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body
Vacuole
a tiny cavity in the cytoplasm of a plant cell containing air, liquids, food, and waste products
Nucleus
a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
Nuclear membrane
This bilayer membrane is made of lipids, and encases the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear membrane is made up of a double lipid bilayer.
DNA
found in the nucleus of a cell, a long nucleic acid molecule containing the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms; abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid
Lysosome
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane
Multi-cellular organism
organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organisms
Unicellular organism
an organism that consists of a single cell
Prokaryote
individual microscopic organism with no nucleus
Eukaryote
an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus, Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria
Cell
the basic unit of all living things
Tissue
a group of cells that works together to carry out a particular task in an organism
Organ
a group of tissues that performs a complex function in a body
Organ system
a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions
Organism
any individual living thing
Circulatory System
the system that transports blood and other fluids throughout the body
Excretory System
the system of the body responsible for storing and getting rid of waste products, such as urine
Digestive System
a group of seven organs that break down food and absorb the nutrients which the body then uses for fuel
Respiratory System
the system of the body that brings oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide
Muscular System
the body system that permits movement and locomotion in animals
Nervous System
the system of the body that carries information to all parts of the body: The nervous system relies on nerve cells to move electrical signals to the body from the brain, and from the body to the brain and/or spinal cord
Sensory System
a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information
Skeletal System
the network of solid materials that give an organism’s body its structure
