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Better Science Vocab > Life science > Flashcards

Life science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plant cell

A

The basic unit of life in organisms for the Plant kingdom

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2
Q

Animal cell

A

a form of a eukaryotic cell that is distinct from plant cells in that it does not have a rigid cell wall

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3
Q

organelle

A

a tiny structure within a cell that performs a specific function for that cell

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4
Q

mitochondria

A

an organelle in eukaryotic cells that is the site of cellular respiration and generates most of the cell’s ATP

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

the boundary that surrounds a cell and controls which substances can enter or leave the cell

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6
Q

Cell wall

A

a stiff structure that surrounds and protects a cell; found in plant, fungus, and some bacteria cells

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the liquid in the inside of a living cell

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8
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport

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9
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough & smooth)

A

Rough ER is called rough because it has ribosomes attached to its surface. The double membranes of smooth and rough ER form sacs called cisternae.

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

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11
Q

Centrioles

A

a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.

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12
Q

Chloroplast

A

an organ in a plant cell that turns energy from the sun into chemical energy for the plant to use

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13
Q

Vesicle

A

a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body

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14
Q

Vacuole

A

a tiny cavity in the cytoplasm of a plant cell containing air, liquids, food, and waste products

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15
Q

Nucleus

A

a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.

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16
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

This bilayer membrane is made of lipids, and encases the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear membrane is made up of a double lipid bilayer.

17
Q

DNA

A

found in the nucleus of a cell, a long nucleic acid molecule containing the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms; abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid

18
Q

Lysosome

A

an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane

19
Q

Multi-cellular organism

A

organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organisms

20
Q

Unicellular organism

A

an organism that consists of a single cell

21
Q

Prokaryote

A

individual microscopic organism with no nucleus

22
Q

Eukaryote

A

an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus, Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria

23
Q

Cell

A

the basic unit of all living things

24
Q

Tissue

A

a group of cells that works together to carry out a particular task in an organism

25
Q

Organ

A

a group of tissues that performs a complex function in a body

26
Q

Organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

27
Q

Organism

A

any individual living thing

28
Q

Circulatory System

A

the system that transports blood and other fluids throughout the body

29
Q

Excretory System

A

the system of the body responsible for storing and getting rid of waste products, such as urine

30
Q

Digestive System

A

a group of seven organs that break down food and absorb the nutrients which the body then uses for fuel

31
Q

Respiratory System

A

the system of the body that brings oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide

32
Q

Muscular System

A

the body system that permits movement and locomotion in animals

33
Q

Nervous System

A

the system of the body that carries information to all parts of the body: The nervous system relies on nerve cells to move electrical signals to the body from the brain, and from the body to the brain and/or spinal cord

34
Q

Sensory System

A

a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information

35
Q

Skeletal System

A

the network of solid materials that give an organism’s body its structure

Better Science Vocab (5 decks)

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