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Question 1

geologic time scale

Answer 1

the record of geologic time, divided into eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages

Question 2

Principle of superposition

Answer 2

the scientific law stating that, in undisturbed rock layers, each layer is younger than the layer beneath it, and older than the layer above it

Question 3

Principle of cross cutting relationships

Answer 3

the scientific law stating that an igneous intrusion or fault is necessarily younger than the rocks which it intrudes

Question 4

principle of lateral continuity

Answer 4

the scientific law stating that sedimentary layers extend horizontally outward in all directions until they terminate

Question 5

Earthquakes

Answer 5

a sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of rock underground

Question 6

Volcano

Answer 6

an opening in the Earth’s surface through which magma and gases or only gases erupt

Question 7

Meteor

Answer 7

a streak of light in the sky that forms when a piece of rock from space burns up in Earth’s atmosphere

Question 8

Landslide

Answer 8

sudden movement of rocks or soil down a hill or mountainside

Question 9

Plate motion

Answer 9

the motion of tectonic plates, which occurs at a rate of a few centimeters per year

Question 10

Continental shelf

Answer 10

the shallowest portion (approximately 130 m deep) of a continental margin, extending from the shore an average distance of 60 km into the ocean

Question 11

Mid-ocean ridge

Answer 11

an oceanic rift zone that consists of long mountain chains with a central rift valley; divergent boundary

Question 12

Ocean trench

Answer 12

crustal structure form by divergence of two tectonic plates

Question 13

Pangea

Answer 13

the large supercontinent at the end of the Paleozoic Era consisting of all the land on Earth, including all seven continents and other landmasses

Question 14

Continental drift

Answer 14

the movement of Earth’s continents relative to each other

Question 15

Alfred weagner

Answer 15

German geophysicist who proposes the continental drift theory in 1912

Question 16

Relative age

Answer 16

the dating of events based solely upon the order in which they occurred

Question 17

Fossil

Answer 17

evidence that an organism once existed in an area; can be a part of the organism’s body or a trace fossil which is a mark or print left by the organism

Question 18

Subduction

Answer 18

the sinking of an oceanic plate beneath a plate of lesser density at a convergent boundary

Question 19

Convergent boundary

Answer 19

a tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move toward each other, causing collisions and subduction zones

Question 20

Divergent boundary

Answer 20

a tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move away from each other