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Science 116 > Life Science > Flashcards

Life Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the life cycle?

A

Changes from birth-adult

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2
Q

Metamorphosis and types

A

Change of form during life cycle

Complete: 4 stages, baby looks nothing like adult. Egg-Larva-Pupa- Adult. Butterfly

Incomplete: 3 stages, adult is bigger version of baby. Egg-Nymph-Adult. Human

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3
Q

Taxonomy in order

A

Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species

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4
Q

Kingdoms

A

Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

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5
Q

What is taxonomic hierarchy?

A

Sorting organisms based on physical features

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6
Q

What do Archaebacteria and Prokaryotes have in common?

A

No defined nucleus.

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7
Q

What is an eukaryote?

A

Cell with defined nucleus that separates DNA from cytoplasm and organelles

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8
Q

Chloroplast

A

Where sugars are made in photosynthesis

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Liquid that allows movement in the cell

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

Where DNA is

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12
Q

Endoplasmatic reticulum

A

Where proteins and fats are made

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13
Q

What is the plasma barrier in a cell?

A

Cellular barrier in animal cells

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14
Q

What does a ribosome do?

A

It makes proteins

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15
Q

What does the Golgi complex do?

A

Packs molecules to send to other places within the cell

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16
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

Barrier in plant cell

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17
Q

What are the centrioles?

A

They work in cell division

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18
Q

What are the lysosomes?

A

It is where waste material is broken down

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19
Q

What is a cytoskeleton?

A

It maintains the shape of the cell

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20
Q

Circulatory system

A

Transports nutrients, waste, water, cells. Heart, arteries, veins.

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21
Q

Digestive system

A

Breaks down food for energy.

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22
Q

Excretory system

A

Gets rid of waste

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23
Q

What is instinctual behavior?

A

Behavior that you’re born with.

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24
Q

What is learned behavior?

A

Behavior that is learned from parents or environment

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25
Q

What is structural adaptation?

A

Physical characteristics that lets an organism survive. Camouflage, chemical defenses, mimicking other organisms

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26
Q

Parasitism

A

Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed

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27
Q

Predator

A

Organism that kills other organism to get food.

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28
Q

Commensalism

A

Symbiotic relationship where an organism benefits and the other is unaffected

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29
Q

Mutualism

A

Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

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30
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process by which plants get energy from sun radiation, CO2 and water

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31
Q

Characteristics of bacteria

A

Single celled.
Spherical, rod-shaped, spiral.
Can be harmful.
Are decomposers.

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32
Q

What is a biome?

A

Large community of living organisms.

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33
Q

Homeostasis

A

An organism’s desire to keep an internal balance no matter the external conditions

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34
Q

What is an amphibian?

A

Cold-blooded vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Young ones look like fish and breathe on gills, eventually they grow four legs and develop lungs, adults live on land. Frogs, toads, salamanders

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35
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

Interaction of abiotic and biotic parts of a community

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36
Q

What are minerals?

A

Natural, inorganic, specific chemical formula crystal shaped solids

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37
Q

What is a deciduous tree?

A

They shed leaves in the fall and grow new ones in the spring.

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38
Q

What is a coniferous tree?

A

They have needles and drop seed to grow new trees after. They do not shed

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39
Q

Parts of a plant

A

Roots: Anchor and nutrient absorb
Stems: Carry food, give structure
Leaves: Photosynthesis
Flowers: Sexual reproductive part

40
Q

Describe an insect

A

Invertebrate with exoskeleton
Three body part
Antennas
Lays eggs

41
Q

What is the stomata?

A

Small openings to let nutrients pass on leaves

42
Q

Food chain

A

Shows the movement of energy through organisms.

43
Q

What is a producer?

A

It is an autotroph, it begins the food chain

44
Q

Primary consumer

A

Eats the producer, is a herbivore

45
Q

Secondary Consumer

A

Eats the primary consumer, is a carnivore or omnivore

46
Q

Tertiary consumer

A

Eats the secondary consumer, is a carnivore

47
Q

Apex predator

A

Has no enemies, sits on top of the food chain

48
Q

Decomposer

A

Breaks down dead organisms, restarts the food chain

49
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

Plays a key role in the ecosystem and creates balance

50
Q

Electron

A

Negative part of an atom, orbits the nucleus, can move around

51
Q

Proton

A

Positive part of an atom, stays on the nucleus with the neutrons

52
Q

Neutron

A

No charge, stays in the nucleus

53
Q

What is an element?

A

Made up of one substance, cannot be reduced into something simpler

54
Q

Integumentary system

A

Outer coverings of human body. Hair, nails, exocrine glands

55
Q

Reproductive system

A

Produces offspring

56
Q

What is sperm?

A

Male reproductive cell

57
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hormone production

58
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Defends from disease, infections.

59
Q

Muscular system

A

Allows for movement

60
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Connects bones, voluntary muscles

61
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary muscle, stomach, bladder transport

62
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary muscle

63
Q

How many bones do we have?

A

206 bones

64
Q

Nervous system

A

Controls all body

65
Q

Respiratory system

A

Oxygen-CO2 exchange.

66
Q

Explain blood

A

Blood is the liquid that flows through veins, arteries, there are two types of blood cell: white and red.

White defends the body
Red carries oxygen to all the body

67
Q

What are organs?

A

Formed from tissue, work for an specific goal.

68
Q

What is DNA?

A

Contains all genetic information of an organism

69
Q

What is RNA?

A

Molecule that produces proteins in a cell

70
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Survival of the fittest.

71
Q

Dominant trait

A

Strongest traits. Brown eyes, dimples, oval face, unattached earlobes

72
Q

Recessive trait

A

Weakest traits. Blue eyes, straight hair, attached earlobes

73
Q

What is a mutation

A

It is an error in the genetic code, it can be beneficial or harmful

74
Q

What is competition?

A

It happens when two organisms have the same needs. Eventually the weakest organism has to evolve, migrate or die

75
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Change in a body part or structure that helps an organism survive and reproduce

76
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

Selection and breeding of desirable traits

77
Q

RNA bases

A

Adenine, Uracile, Guanine, Cytosine

78
Q

DNA bases

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

79
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Male + Female. diversity

80
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Copy of parent. Fast

81
Q

Homozygous

A

Purebred. BB, bb

82
Q

Heterozygous

A

Hybrid. Bb

83
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division that produces gametes

84
Q

What is a R-selected species?

A

These move quickly into an area, reproduce easily, are small and are not competitive.

85
Q

What is a K-selected species?

A

Big, competitive, only one reproductive cycle

86
Q

What is speciation?

A

When a species undergoes change that leads to the creation of a new species

87
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Ingestion of large particles into a cell. It occurs when a substance is too large to cross a cell membrane.

88
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Ingestion of a particle

89
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Ingestion of a liquid

90
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Expulsion of substances from the cell

91
Q

What are some passive transport mechanisms?

A

Osmosis and diffusion

92
Q

What are chromatids?

A

Two identical replicated pieces of chromosome joined at the centromere to form an X

93
Q

What are gametes?

A

Cells used to reproduce sexually

94
Q

Transcription

A

Synthesis of RNA. Information provided by DNA

95
Q

Translation

A

Decoding of mRNA to make the protein

96
Q

Catabolism

A

Macromolecules are broken down into smaller molecules

97
Q

Anabolism

A

Building of a variety of macromolecules

Science 116 (4 decks)

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