Life Science Flashcards
What is the life cycle?
Changes from birth-adult
Metamorphosis and types
Change of form during life cycle
Complete: 4 stages, baby looks nothing like adult. Egg-Larva-Pupa- Adult. Butterfly
Incomplete: 3 stages, adult is bigger version of baby. Egg-Nymph-Adult. Human
Taxonomy in order
Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
Kingdoms
Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
What is taxonomic hierarchy?
Sorting organisms based on physical features
What do Archaebacteria and Prokaryotes have in common?
No defined nucleus.
What is an eukaryote?
Cell with defined nucleus that separates DNA from cytoplasm and organelles
Chloroplast
Where sugars are made in photosynthesis
Mitochondria
Powerhouse
Cytoplasm
Liquid that allows movement in the cell
Nucleus
Where DNA is
Endoplasmatic reticulum
Where proteins and fats are made
What is the plasma barrier in a cell?
Cellular barrier in animal cells
What does a ribosome do?
It makes proteins
What does the Golgi complex do?
Packs molecules to send to other places within the cell
What is a cell wall?
Barrier in plant cell
What are the centrioles?
They work in cell division
What are the lysosomes?
It is where waste material is broken down
What is a cytoskeleton?
It maintains the shape of the cell
Circulatory system
Transports nutrients, waste, water, cells. Heart, arteries, veins.
Digestive system
Breaks down food for energy.
Excretory system
Gets rid of waste
What is instinctual behavior?
Behavior that you’re born with.
What is learned behavior?
Behavior that is learned from parents or environment
What is structural adaptation?
Physical characteristics that lets an organism survive. Camouflage, chemical defenses, mimicking other organisms
Parasitism
Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed
Predator
Organism that kills other organism to get food.
Commensalism
Symbiotic relationship where an organism benefits and the other is unaffected
Mutualism
Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
Photosynthesis
Process by which plants get energy from sun radiation, CO2 and water
Characteristics of bacteria
Single celled.
Spherical, rod-shaped, spiral.
Can be harmful.
Are decomposers.
What is a biome?
Large community of living organisms.
Homeostasis
An organism’s desire to keep an internal balance no matter the external conditions
What is an amphibian?
Cold-blooded vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Young ones look like fish and breathe on gills, eventually they grow four legs and develop lungs, adults live on land. Frogs, toads, salamanders
What is an ecosystem?
Interaction of abiotic and biotic parts of a community
What are minerals?
Natural, inorganic, specific chemical formula crystal shaped solids
What is a deciduous tree?
They shed leaves in the fall and grow new ones in the spring.
What is a coniferous tree?
They have needles and drop seed to grow new trees after. They do not shed
Parts of a plant
Roots: Anchor and nutrient absorb
Stems: Carry food, give structure
Leaves: Photosynthesis
Flowers: Sexual reproductive part
Describe an insect
Invertebrate with exoskeleton
Three body part
Antennas
Lays eggs
What is the stomata?
Small openings to let nutrients pass on leaves
Food chain
Shows the movement of energy through organisms.
What is a producer?
It is an autotroph, it begins the food chain
Primary consumer
Eats the producer, is a herbivore
Secondary Consumer
Eats the primary consumer, is a carnivore or omnivore
Tertiary consumer
Eats the secondary consumer, is a carnivore
Apex predator
Has no enemies, sits on top of the food chain
Decomposer
Breaks down dead organisms, restarts the food chain
What is a keystone species?
Plays a key role in the ecosystem and creates balance
Electron
Negative part of an atom, orbits the nucleus, can move around
Proton
Positive part of an atom, stays on the nucleus with the neutrons
Neutron
No charge, stays in the nucleus
What is an element?
Made up of one substance, cannot be reduced into something simpler
Integumentary system
Outer coverings of human body. Hair, nails, exocrine glands
Reproductive system
Produces offspring
What is sperm?
Male reproductive cell
Endocrine system
Hormone production
Lymphatic system
Defends from disease, infections.
Muscular system
Allows for movement
Skeletal muscles
Connects bones, voluntary muscles
Smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle, stomach, bladder transport
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle
How many bones do we have?
206 bones
Nervous system
Controls all body
Respiratory system
Oxygen-CO2 exchange.
Explain blood
Blood is the liquid that flows through veins, arteries, there are two types of blood cell: white and red.
White defends the body
Red carries oxygen to all the body
What are organs?
Formed from tissue, work for an specific goal.
What is DNA?
Contains all genetic information of an organism
What is RNA?
Molecule that produces proteins in a cell
What is natural selection?
Survival of the fittest.
Dominant trait
Strongest traits. Brown eyes, dimples, oval face, unattached earlobes
Recessive trait
Weakest traits. Blue eyes, straight hair, attached earlobes
What is a mutation
It is an error in the genetic code, it can be beneficial or harmful
What is competition?
It happens when two organisms have the same needs. Eventually the weakest organism has to evolve, migrate or die
What is an adaptation?
Change in a body part or structure that helps an organism survive and reproduce
What is artificial selection?
Selection and breeding of desirable traits
RNA bases
Adenine, Uracile, Guanine, Cytosine
DNA bases
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Sexual reproduction
Male + Female. diversity
Asexual reproduction
Copy of parent. Fast
Homozygous
Purebred. BB, bb
Heterozygous
Hybrid. Bb
What is meiosis?
Cell division that produces gametes
What is a R-selected species?
These move quickly into an area, reproduce easily, are small and are not competitive.
What is a K-selected species?
Big, competitive, only one reproductive cycle
What is speciation?
When a species undergoes change that leads to the creation of a new species
What is endocytosis?
Ingestion of large particles into a cell. It occurs when a substance is too large to cross a cell membrane.
What is phagocytosis?
Ingestion of a particle
What is pinocytosis?
Ingestion of a liquid
What is exocytosis?
Expulsion of substances from the cell
What are some passive transport mechanisms?
Osmosis and diffusion
What are chromatids?
Two identical replicated pieces of chromosome joined at the centromere to form an X
What are gametes?
Cells used to reproduce sexually
Transcription
Synthesis of RNA. Information provided by DNA
Translation
Decoding of mRNA to make the protein
Catabolism
Macromolecules are broken down into smaller molecules
Anabolism
Building of a variety of macromolecules
