Life, Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes Flashcards
1
Q
How long ago was RNA world?
A
4 billion years ago
2
Q
Early atmosphere
A
- thick water vapour
- intense UV light
- electrical storms
- N, nitrogen oxides, CO2, CH4, NH3, H, HCN
3
Q
Stanley Miller
A
- abiotic synthesis of amino acids
- 22 amino acids,
- 5 amines
4
Q
Early pyrimidine formation
A
- precursors: acetlylene & formaldehyde
- precursors from HCN, H2S, UV light
5
Q
Early purine formation
A
- Can be formed from FaPy
- FaPy from HCN and waterF
6
Q
RNA acts as:
A
- instruction
- catalyst
7
Q
RNA enzyme called:
A
ribozyme
8
Q
ribose formed from:
A
formaldehyde
9
Q
Why is DNA better than RNA?
A
- more chemically stable
- greater length with less breaks
- repair easier
- deamination easier to detect and repair
10
Q
When did oxygen start accumulating?
A
3.1 billion years ago
11
Q
Hydrothermal vent conditions:
A
- 400 degree C
- abundance chemicals
- harsh environment
12
Q
Prokaryotic organisms
A
bacteria
archaea
13
Q
Eukaryotic organisms
A
plants
animals
yeast
fungi
14
Q
Prokaryotic cells basis
A
- small
- quick dividing
- horizontal gene transfer
- quick evolution
15
Q
Prokaryotic cell chemical diversity
A
- diverse metabolism
- inhabit extreme environments
- aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobes
- make energy from organic and inorganic substances
- some are photosynthetic
