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Cell Biology > ECM > Flashcards

ECM Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant ECM

A
  • secreted by cell
  • composition controlled by cell
  • cell wall mainly cellulose and pectin
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2
Q

Cellulose

A
  • microfibrils arranged in crisscross lattice

- provides tensile strength and resists compression

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3
Q

EMC in animal tissue

A
  • mainly connective tissue
  • highly varied (bone, tendons, cartilage, jelly)
  • bears mechanical load
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4
Q

ECM laid down by:

A

fibroblasts (elongated, spindle-shaped cells) attach to and secrete collagen

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5
Q

how many collagen genes in mammals?

A

20

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6
Q

what % of total protein mass is collagen

A

25%

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7
Q

Collagen structure

A
  • long, stiff triple helical structure

- rich in proline and glycine

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8
Q

Collagen synthesis

A
  • precursor pro-collagen made in cell and exocytosed

- collagen synthesis competed outside cell

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9
Q

pro-collagen peptide extensions cut by:

A

pro-collagen proteinases

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10
Q

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

A
  • collagen disease
  • 13 subtypes
    stretchy skin, hyper-mobility
  • serious can cause vasculature weakness
  • no treatment
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11
Q

integrins

A

receptors for binding most ECM proteins

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12
Q

fibronectin

A
  • secreted by fibroblasts
  • large glycoprotein
  • one part binds collagen, other part binds cell
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13
Q

how many integrin types?

A

24, each recognising specific ECM components

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14
Q

Integrin structure

A
  • alpha and beta subunits

- can switch between extended active and folded inactive forms

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15
Q

Integrin-ECM binding can trigger ____ which affects ______

A
  • intracellular signalling cascades

- growth, survival, development

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16
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A
  • integrin disease
  • ITGB2 gene mutation
  • beta subunits mis-formed
  • leukocytes can’t bind endothelial wall and be recruited to infection sites
  • no cure
17
Q

EMC composed of 2 main macromolecule classes:

A
  • proteoglycans

- fibrous protein

18
Q

glycosaminoglycan GAG role in ECM

A
  • resist compression
  • space fillers
  • molecular sieves
  • binders of growth factors
  • cell migration promoters/inhibitors
19
Q

GAG basic properties

A
  • ve charged polysaccharide
  • linked covalently to core proteins to form proteoglycans
  • strongly hydrophilic
  • attract Na+ ions
20
Q

GAG composition varies in connective tissue

A
  • bone: little GAG more collagen
  • eye jelly: more GAG less collagen
  • cartilage: equal mix
21
Q

ECM degradation vital for:

A
  • tissue growth, repair, renewal

- migratory ability

22
Q

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs)

A

contribute to metastasis and malignancy of cancers

Cell Biology (8 decks)

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