Life processes at the cellular level

Question 1

Active site

Answer 1

A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.

Question 2

Active transport

Answer 2

The movement of ion or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

Adenosine triphosphate is the energy carrier molecule in all living cells.

Question 4

Catalyst

Answer 4

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Question 5

Cell

Answer 5

Basic building block/unit of life. The smallest functional unit of an organism.

Question 6

Cell Cycle

Answer 6

The cell cycle or cell-division is the series of event that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication.

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

Organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 8

Denature

Answer 8

A molecule (such as protein or nucleic acid) wherein its chemical structure is altered so that some of its original properties are lost or diminished.

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or form regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

A self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Question 11

Enzyme

Answer 11

An enzyme is a biological catalyst. This means that they speed up the chemical reactions that occur in living things but are not changed by the reaction.

Question 12

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

Transport of substances across a membrane from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration by a carrier molecule.

Question 13

Ion pump

Answer 13

The transportation of ions against a concentration gradient through a membrane using the energy from ATP.

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Organelles found in the cytoplasm which are the site of cellular respiration.

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 16

Nucleotide

Answer 16

Basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. An organic compound made up of a nitrogenous base, a sugar and a phosphate group.

Question 17

Organelle

Answer 17

An organised and specialised structure found within cells.

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

A process by which water passes through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 19

Passive transport

Answer 19

Transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion. Energy is not required.

Question 20

Phagocytosis

Answer 20

The process of engulfing and ingestion of particles by a cell.

Question 21

Photosynthesis

Answer 21

Enzyme controlled process occuring in plants that use energy from sunlight to fix carbon dioxide and water in the production of glucose.

Question 22

Pinocytosis

Answer 22

The process of taking fluid into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles.

Question 23

Protein

Answer 23

Any of a class of nitrogenous base organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids.

Question 24

Respiration

Answer 24

Enzyme controlled process that produces energy from the breakdown of glucose.

Question 25

Semi-permeable membrane

Answer 25

A membrane that only allows certain molecules to pass through it.

Question 26

Substrate

Answer 26

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts.