Gene Expression

Question 1

Anticodon

Answer 1

A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule (tRNA), correspoinding to a complementary codon in mRNA.

Question 2

Base deletion

Answer 2

DNA mutation where one or more of the DNA bases is removed from the DNA chain and lost forever.

Question 3

Base insertion

Answer 3

DNA mutation where one or more of the DNA bases of a DNA chain is added to another, changing the genetic coding of the chain dramatically.

Question 4

Base substitution

Answer 4

DNA mutation involving replacement or substitution of a single nucleotide base with another.

Question 5

Codon

Answer 5

A unit of three adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA (mRNA) chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule.

Question 6

Degenerate code

Answer 6

A code in which several code words have the same meaning. The genetic code is degenerate because different codons specify for the same amino acid.

Question 7

Enzyme

Answer 7

An enzyme is a type of protein that is produced by cells and acts as a catalyst in specific biochemical reactions.

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

A sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location (locus) on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.

Question 9

Gene Transcription

Answer 9

The process of making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA

Question 10

Gene Translation

Answer 10

The process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Question 11

Metabolic pathways

Answer 11

A sequence of biochemical reactions, catalysed by enzymes, whereby an initial molecule is modified in a step by step process to form another product

Question 12

Mutagen

Answer 12

An agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, which causes genetic mutation.

Question 13

Mutation

Answer 13

A permanent/random change in the base sequence of DNA

Question 14

Nucleic Acid

Answer 14

Any of various complex organic acids (as DNA or RNA) that are composed of nucleotide chains.

Question 15

Polypeptide chain

Answer 15

A chain of amino acids joined together through peptide bonds.

Question 16

Protein

Answer 16

Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms.

Question 17

Reading-frameshift

Answer 17

A type of gene mutation wherein the addition or deletion of a base (s) causes a shift in the reading from of the codons in the mRNA.

Question 18

RNA

Answer 18

A nucleic acid whose role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

Question 19

Triplet

Answer 19

A unit of three successive nucleotides in a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific amino acid.