life on earth - unit 3 Flashcards
niche
the role an organism plays in its ecosystem
ecosystem
all the organisms living in aparticular habitat and the non-living organisms with which they interact
population
a group of one living species
species
organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
the arrows on the food Web show
the flow of energy
example of a producer
plant
example of a primary consumer
(herbivore) insect
example of a secondary consumer
mouse (ombnivore)
examplr of a tertiary conumer
(carnivore) owl
competition
either
- interspecific: between different
species
- intraspecific: in the same species
biotic factors
examples: living
- competition for food, mates, space
- number of predators
- disease
- grazing
abiotic factors
non living
- temperature
- pH
- light intensity
- rainfall
- wind
ways to measure abiotic Factors
- thermometer
- pH meter
- light meter (lux)
- moisture meter
sampling techniques
- quadrat
- pitfall trap
state possible issues
stage 1 photo synthesis
Carbon dioxide + water»_space; lightenergy/ chlorophyll» glucose + oxygen
what Is an algal bloom
nitrates
added as tbe form of fertilisers
pesticides
kill pests that eat crops and grase on seeds
can cause pollution and harm if it leached into water ways
biocumulation
biological control
use of living organisms instead of chemicals - natural predators
things that can increase mutation rates
increasesed mutation:
- ultraviolet light
- X-rayS
- gamma rays
- tars in cigarettes
- smoke
- mustard gas.
speciation
speciation can be
- ecological
- behavioural
- geographical
what is at the bottom of a pyramid of energy
producer
aerobic respiration
the process of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen gas to produce energy from food
allele
different forms of a gene
amylase
breaks down starch into the sugar maltose
