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Nat 5 Biology > Life On Earth > Flashcards

Life On Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

Define consumer

A

An organism which consumes other organisms for food

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2
Q

Define producer

A

An organism that can produce its own food

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3
Q

Definition of species ?

A

A group of organisms which can be interbred and produce fertile offspring

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4
Q

Definition of biodiversity?

A

The range of species within an ecosystem

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5
Q

Definition of population?

A

A group of organisms of the same species

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6
Q

What is a food chain ?

A

A diagram which shows a simple feeding relationship between organisms

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7
Q

What is a food web?

A

A diagram which Shows the interconnection of food chains

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8
Q

What is an ecosystem ?

A

Consists of all the organisms living in a particular habitat and the non living components with which the organisms interact

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9
Q

What is a biological niche ?

A

A niche is the role that an organism plays within a community

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10
Q

What is interspecific competition ?

A

Interspecific competition occurs amongst individuals of different species for one or a few resources they require

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11
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

Intraspecific competition occurs amongst individuals of the same species and is for all resources required

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12
Q

What are producers and consumers ?

A

Producer: An organism that can make its own food (eg plants)

Consumer: An organism that consumes another organism

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13
Q

What is a pyramid diagram?

A

Pyramid of numbers - a diagram which represents the number of organisms at each level in a food chain

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14
Q

What is a pyramid of energy?

A

A diagram showing the energy contained within organisms at each level in a food chain

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15
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

Microorganisms which breakdown organic matter (eg dead bodies, faeces etc)

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16
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Any living component that affects another organism (eg plants disease etc)

17
Q

Examples of biotic factors

A 
Disease
Availability of food
Predation
Grazing
Competition for food
18
Q

Examples of abiotic factors

A

Light intensity
Soil pH
Soil moisture
Soil temperature

19
Q

What are abiotic factors ?

A

They are non living components that affect living organisms.

Eg sunlight,soil composition ,temperature

20
Q

How can energy be lost in ecosystems?

A

Uneaten/undigested

Used in respiration to release energy for movement

21
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

A species which indicates the level of pollution in an ecosystem

22
Q

What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?

A

1=light reactions

2=carbon fixation

23
Q

Light reactions summary

A

During the light reactions light energy from the sun is trapped by a green pigment called chlorophyll in the chloroplast. The light energy is converted into chemical energy which is used to generate ATP. Water is split to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is used in the second stage of photosynthesis and oxygen diffuses out

24
Q

Light reactions word equation

A

Light energy

Carbon dioxide+water—>sugar+oxygen

25
Q

Carbon fixation summary

A

Carbon fixation uses hydrogen and ATP from the light reactions to convert carbon dioxide from the air into sugar. The carbon fixation reactions are catalysed by enzymes; this means that the rate of carbon fixation is affected by temperature

26
Q

Carbon fixation word equation

A

Enzymes
Hydrogen+carbon dioxide——>sugar
ATP
(Hydrogen from stage 1)

27
Q

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

28
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Light energy

CO2+water————>sugar+oxygen

29
Q

Why do plants require nitrates?

A

To make proteins

30
Q

Percentage increase?

A

Find difference between 2 numbers and divide by original number

31
Q

Percentage decrease?

A

Find difference between 2 numbers and divide by original number

Nat 5 Biology (3 decks)

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