Cell Biology

Question 1

What is the cell wall made from in plant cells?

Answer 1

Cellulose

Question 2

Features of a plant cell that an animal cell doesn’t have?

Answer 2

Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

Controls the activities of the cell

Question 4

Which type of cell contains a plasmid?

Answer 4

Bacterial

Question 5

Which cells have a cell wall?

Answer 5

Plant, bacterial and fungal cells

Question 6

Definition of optimum?

Answer 6

The temperature/pH at which the enzyme is most active

Question 7

What are enzymes and what do they do?

Answer 7

Enzymes are biological catalysts

They speed up reaction rates and remain unchanged

Question 8

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 8

Proteins

Question 9

What is a degradation reaction?

Answer 9

The breakdown of large substrates into smaller products

Question 10

What are proteins made of?

Answer 10

Amino Acids

Question 11

Examples of proteins?

Answer 11

Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, structural proteins etc

Question 12

Is diffusion a passive or active process?

Answer 12

Passive

Question 13

What diffuses into the cell? What diffuses out?

Answer 13

In- oxygen and glucose

Out- carbon dioxide

Question 14

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 14

The difference in concentration of a substance between 2 areas

Question 15

What can pass through the cell membrane? What can’t?

Answer 15

Can- oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, ethanol and water

Can’t- glucose

Question 16

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

Where does fermentation occur?

Answer 17

The Cytoplasm

Question 18

Definition of osmosis?

Answer 18

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 19

What is diffusion ?

Answer 19

Diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

Question 20

What is active transport?

Answer 20

It is when molecules move against the concentration gradient

Question 21

What does DNA code for?

Answer 21

Proteins

Question 22

What shape is DNA? What is it held by?

Answer 22

Double helix

Held by complementary base pairs

Question 23

What are the names of the 4 bases?

Answer 23

Adenine, Thymine and Cytosine, Guanine

Question 24

What bases are paired together?

Answer 24

Adenine + Thymine

Cytosine + Guanine

Question 25

What is messenger RNA? (mRNA)

Answer 25

It is a molecule which carries a complementary of the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosome

Question 26

What happens if you place a plant cell in a strong salt solution?

Answer 26

The cell will lose water and become plasmolysed

Question 27

What is the function of the ribosomes and mitochondria?

Answer 27

Ribosomes: sure of protein synthesis
Mitochondria: site of aerobic respiration

Question 28

Definition of denature?

Answer 28

When the enzymes active site changes shape

Question 29

What causes an enzyme to denature?

Answer 29

When the enzyme is exposed to extreme temperature or pH

Question 30

What is a synthesis reaction?

Answer 30

Builds up smaller substrate molecules into larger molecules

Question 31

What is the cell membrane made of?

Answer 31

The phospholipid bilayer and proteins

Question 32

What cellular activities require ATP?

Answer 32

Muscle cell contraction, Cell division, Protein synthesis, Transmission of nerve impulses

Question 33

How many ATP are produced in fermentation?

Answer 33

2 ATP

Question 34

What happens if you put an animal cell in pure water?

Answer 34

It will gain water and burst

Question 35

What happens if you place a plant cell in pure water?

Answer 35

It will gain water and become turgid

Question 36

Function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 36

Site of chemical reactions

Question 37

What does base sequence determine?

Answer 37

The amino acid sequence in proteins