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N5 Biology > Life On Earth > Flashcards

Life On Earth Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

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2
Q

Population

A

All the members of one species living in a habitat

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3
Q

Community

A

All the plants,animals and microorganisms living in a habitat

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4
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can be interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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5
Q

Producer

A

A green plant that uses sunlight to make its own food by photosynthesis

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6
Q

Consumer

A

An organism that cannot produce its own food, it gains energy by eating another organism

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7
Q

Herbivore

A

An organism that eats plant material only

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8
Q

Carnivore

A

An organism that eats animal material only

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9
Q

Omnivore

A

An organism that eats a mixture of plant and animal material

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10
Q

Predator

A

An animal which hunts and kills other animals for food

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11
Q

Prey

A

An animal which is hunted and killed for food by another animal

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12
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number, abundance and variety of species

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13
Q

Food chain

A

A diagram which shows the transfer of energy between organisms

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14
Q

Food web

A

A diagram which shows inter-connected food chains

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15
Q

Niche

A

Its the role that an organism plays within a community

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16
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Occurs amongst individuals of a different species

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17
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Occurs amongst individuals of the same species

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18
Q

Abiotic

A

Term used to refer to a factor that relates directly to a non living feature of an ecosystem

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19
Q

Biome

A

Large region of the earth distinguished from others by its climate,flora,fauna

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20
Q

Biotic

A

Term used to refer to a factor that relates directly to some aspect in of living organisms in an ecosystem such as competition

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21
Q

Competition

A

Struggle for existence between members of a community caused by the limited supply of an essential resource

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22
Q

Ecosystem

A

Natural biological unit made up of living in non-living parts

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23
Q

Parasitism

A

Ecological where one organism benefits at the expense of another organism in the host

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24
Q

Pollution

A

General term for contamination of the environment

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25
Q

What are the two different types of sampling

A

Pitfall traps, Quadrat

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26
Q

What is a problem when using a pitfall trap

A

•If a leaf isnt covering the top meaning birds can eat insects
•If the cup isnt all the way in the soil insects cant climb in

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27
Q

What is a problem with a quadrat?

A

If a plant/flower is half in a square and you count some but not all.

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28
Q

How do you measure light, moisture and pH

A

•light meter
•moisture meter
•pH meter

29
Q

What is a line transect

A

A transect line across a habitat or part of a habitat

30
Q

What is the indicator species

A

A species that by its presence or absence shows the environmental quality/levels of pollution of an area

31
Q

Abundance

A

Measure of the extent to which an organism occurs in an ecosystem

32
Q

Key

A

Identifying organisms based on their characteristics using a series of paired statements

33
Q

Distribution

A

Location or spread of a type of living organism in an ecosystem

34
Q

Line transect

A

Method used to sample an ecosystem at intervals along a straight line

35
Q

Pitfall trap

A

Open container buried to its rim in soil and used to catch animals active on the soil surface

36
Q

Quadrat

A

Square shaped sampling unit of known area

37
Q

Randomisation

A

Arrangement of sampled that lacks a pre-arranged pattern in order to eliminate bias

38
Q

Replication

A

Procedure by which several samples are taken at each sampling sight to increase reliability of results

39
Q

Sampling technique

A

Method of obtaining data based in samples that are sufficient in number to be representative of the population or ecosystem as a whole

40
Q

Source of error

A

Limitation of a sampling technique that produces unreliable results

41
Q

Pyramids of numbers

A

A pyramid of numbers shows the total number of food organisms at each stage in a good chain. (Not always pyramid shaped)

42
Q

Pyramid of energy

A

The most realistic way of representing energy levels in a food chain. (Always has the shape of a true pyramid)

43
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis

A

Photolysis (light dependent)
The carbon fixation stage (light independent)

44
Q

Describe photolysis

A

Light-energy(moves to stage 2)-hydrogen(moves to stage 2)-oxygen(waste product/leaves plant)

45
Q

Describe carbon fixation

A

Carbon dioxide-energy-hydrogen=glucose-starch(storage carb)-respiration-cellulose(structural carb)

46
Q

What are the limiting factors

A

Carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature

47
Q

Algal bloom

A

Result of rapid growth of population of simple water plants

48
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Increase in concentration of non-biodegradable chemical (such as DDT) in the cells of the organisms along a food chain

49
Q

Biological control

A

Reduction of a pest population by the deliberate introduction of one of its natural enemies

50
Q

Fertiliser

A

Substance rich in chemicals such as nitrate essential for healthy plant growth

51
Q

Genetically modified (GM) crop

A

Domesticated plant that has been altered by genetic engineering to give greater food yield or resistance to pests.

52
Q

Indicator species

A

Organisms whose presence shows the state of an environments health

53
Q

Intensive farming

A

Form of agriculture which gives increased yield by growing crop monocultures and by ‘battery farming’ animals

54
Q

Leaching

A

Loss of soluble chemicals from soil solution to a local waterway in rainwater run-off

55
Q

Lichen

A

Simple plant which indicates the level of air pollution by sulfur dioxide gas

56
Q

Monoculture

A

Vast cultivated population of one type of crop plant whose members are often genetically identical

57
Q

Pesticide

A

General name for chemical used to kill pest species

58
Q

Sulfur dioxide

A

Poisonous gas that harms living things and reduces biodiversity

59
Q

Adaptation

A

inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to its environment and increases its chance of survival

60
Q

Antibiotic resistant

A

Type of microorganism whose growth is not inhibited by chemicals such as penicillin

61
Q

Evolution

A

Process involving natural selection that has transformed life on earth from its earliest beginnings to its present diverse state

62
Q

Isolating mechanism

A

Barrier which prevents gene exchange between sub-populations

63
Q

Mutagenic

A

Term describing an agent which increases the mutation rate

64
Q

Mutation

A

Random change in the structure or composition of an organisms genetic material

65
Q

Natural selection

A

Process by which individuals best adapted to the environment survive and pass on their genes on to succeeding generations

66
Q

Selection pressure

A

Force on natural selection acting on the diverse numbers of a species to the advantage of some but not others

67
Q

Selective advantage

A

Benefit gained by mutant organisms in an environment which suits them but not other members of the population

68
Q

Species

A

Group of genetically similar organisms that produce fertile off spring and share the same basic anatomy and physiology

69
Q

Variation

A

Differences due to inherited (and environmental) factors that exist between the members of a species

N5 Biology (3 decks)

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