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N5 Biology > Cell Biology KA 4,5,6 > Flashcards

Cell Biology KA 4,5,6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What functions do proteins have

A

Structural enzymes, hormones, antibodies and receptors

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2
Q

What are enzymes

A

Biological catalysts that are made by all living cells

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3
Q

Whats an active site of an enzyme

A

A site of a chemical reaction

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4
Q

Whats a substrate

A

Is the substance that is acted upon by and enzyme

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5
Q

What does a substrate bind to

A

An enzyme at its active site forming the enzyme substrate complex

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6
Q

Protein word equation

A

Substrate—enzyme—>product

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7
Q

Example of degradation reaction

A

Hydrogen peroxide—catalase—> oxygen + water (HPCOW)

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8
Q

Example of a synthesis reaction

A

glucose-1-phosphate—phosphorylase—>starch

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9
Q

What is respiration

A

Is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions carried out by all cells to release the chemical energy stored in glucose

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10
Q

How can the chemical energy stored in ATP be released

A

By breaking it down

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11
Q

When can ATP be regenerated

A

During respiration

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12
Q

What cellular activities can the energy transferred by ATP be used for

A

Muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis, transmission of nerve impulses

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13
Q

Aerobic respiration word equation

A

Glucose+Oxygen—>carbon dioxide + water + energy

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14
Q

Fermentation of yeast and plant word equation

A

Glucose —> carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy

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15
Q

Fermentation of animals word equation

A

Glucose —> lactate + energy

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16
Q

Why will cells such as muscle, companion, sperm and neurone have a higher number of mitochondria

A

They require a lot of energy

17
Q

Whats an Independent variable

A

The thing you’re changing in the experiment

18
Q

Whats a dependent variable

A

The thing you’re measuring in the experiment

19
Q

Control variable

A

Things that must be the same so the experiment is fair

20
Q

Control experiment

A

Independent variable is removed and something unreliable is added e.g. water to allow a comparison

N5 Biology (3 decks)

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