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N5 Biology > Cell Biology KA 1,2,3 > Flashcards

Cell Biology KA 1,2,3 Flashcards

1
Q

Whats in an animal cell

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Mitochondrion
Cell membrane

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2
Q

Whats in a plant cell

A

Nucleus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast

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3
Q

Whats in a fungal cell

A

Nucleus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Vacuole
Mitochondrion

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4
Q

Whats in a bacterial cell

A

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Chromosome
Plasmid
Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What are cell membranes made of

A

They are made of two layers of phospholipids with proteins embedded on top or going through the phospholipids acting as a chanel

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

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7
Q

Cell wall

A

Mesh of cellulose fibre that surrounds and supports a plant cell

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8
Q

Central Vacuole

A

Liquid filled sack like structure in a plant cell that regulates the water content of the cell and stores solutes

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9
Q

Chloroplast

A

Discus shaped organelle containing green chlorophyll to trap light energy for photosynthesis

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid or jelly like background material in which may biochemical reactions occur in all cells

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11
Q

Micrometer

A

Unit of length that is 1000th of a millimetre

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12
Q

Millimetre

A

Unit of length that is 1000th of a metre

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13
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Sausage shaped, organelle, responsible for aerobic respiration

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

Large, normally spherical structure that contains chromosomes and controls the cell activities

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15
Q

Organelle

A

General term for a functionally, discrete sub cellular structure, normally surrounded by a membrane

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16
Q

Plasmid

A

Tiny circular structure of DNA in a bacterium that can be replicated and transferred between bacteria

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17
Q

Ribosome

A

Tiny structure in a cell cytoplasm that lacks a membrane and is the site of protein synthesis

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18
Q

Active

A

Time describing the transport of molecules or ions against the concentration gradient where energy is required

19
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

The difference in concentration exists between two regions, resulting in diffusion of molecules

20
Q

Contractile vacuole

A

Structure used by a unicellular animal to remove excess water gained by osmosis

21
Q

Diffusion

A

The process involving the movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

22
Q

Osmosis

A

Net movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

23
Q

Passive

A

Term describing the transport of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient where no energy is required

24
Q

Phospholipid

A

Type of molecule, many of which make up a double layer in a cell membrane

25
Q

Plasmolysed

A

Time describing a plant cell, whose contents have shrunk and pulled away from the cell wall as a result of excessive water loss by osmosis

26
Q

Protein

A

Type of molecule, many of which arranged as a patchy mosaic in the cell membrane

27
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Describing a membrane that allows rapid movement through it of a small molecules, such as water, but not large molecules

28
Q

Turgid

A

Term describing a plant cell or tissue swollen with water taken by osmosis

29
Q

Adenine

A

Best present in DNA, which is complimentary to thymine

30
Q

Amino acid

A

Molecular component of protein

31
Q

Base

A

General term for molecular component of DNA

32
Q

Cytosine

A

Base present in DNA, which is complimentary to guanine

33
Q

DNA

A

Type of nucleic acid present in chromosomes

34
Q

Double Helix

A

Two stranded molecule of DNA wounding into a spiral

35
Q

Gene

A

A region of DNA on a chromosome, which codes for a protein

36
Q

Genetic code

A

Molecular language determined by the sequence of bases in a DNA chain

37
Q

Guanine

A

Base present in DNA, which is complementary to cytosine

38
Q

mRNA

A

Type of nucleic acid, which carries a complimentary copy of the genetic code from DNA to a ribosome

39
Q

Ribosome

A

Sub cellular structure, which is the site of protein synthesis

40
Q

Thymine

A

Best present in DNA, which is complementary to adenine

41
Q

What are some examples of diffusion in cells

A

Glucose
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide

42
Q

What are the 3 parts of a DNA Nucleotide

A

Phosphate
Deoxyribose sugar
Base

43
Q

Whats a molecule of DNA made of

A

Two strands that twist around each other to form a double stranded helix shape. This shape is held together by weak hydrogen bonds

44
Q

Whats one difference between DNA and mRNA

A

mRNA is single stranded
It has a Uracil base instead of Thymine
It contains a ribose sugar instead of a Deoxyribose sugar

N5 Biology (3 decks)

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