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Science > Life of Plants > Flashcards

Life of Plants Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of the Plumule?

A

The first shot to grow upwards to the sun for photosynthesis.

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2
Q

Function of the Cotyledons?

A

Stores food for energy for the seed.

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3
Q

Function of the Radicle?

A

Absorbs water + anchors the plant as its the first root.

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4
Q

Function of the Micropyle?

A

Absorbs water in the seed for germination.

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5
Q

Function of the Testa?

A

Protects the seed.

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6
Q

Why do seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant?

A

Because otherwise plants will compete for light, water and nutrients from the soil.

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7
Q

What are the 3 things needed for germination?

A

Water, oxygen + sunlight.

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8
Q

What are the two organelles which are only in plant cells?

A

Chloroplast, Cell wall.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Primary Growth?

A

Increases the length in plants, mitosis cell division, results in the height of a plant, involves the tissue apical meristem.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Secondary Growth?

A

Increases the thickness of the plants, mitosis cell division, results in the girth of a plant, involves the tissue cambium.

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11
Q

Direction of Movement in Osmosis?

A

The area of high concentration to the area of low concentration.

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12
Q

What tissue is involved in Osmosis?

A

Root hairs.

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13
Q

What tissue is involved in Transpiration?

A

Xylem.

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14
Q

What tissue is involved in Translocation?

A

Phloem.

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15
Q

What is moved in Transpiration?

A

Water.

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16
Q

What tissue is involved in Translocation?

A

Sucrose/ sugar.

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17
Q

What is the direction of movement in Transpiration?

A

From the soil to the roots to the stems to the leaves.

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18
Q

What is moved in Osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water molecules.

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19
Q

What is the direction of movement in Translocation?

A

Up or down the plant?

20
Q

Function of the Cuticle?

A

Protects the mesophyll layer.

21
Q

Function of the Epidermis?

A

Provides protection for the plant.

22
Q

Function of the Palisade Mesophyll?

A

Contains lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

23
Q

Function of the Spongey Mesophyll?

A

Carbon Dioxide diffuses into them + oxygen diffuses out of them.

24
Q

Function of the Vascular Tissues?

A

Transports water, minerals + sugars throughout the plant.

25
Q

Function of the Stomata?

A

Controls the flow of gases in and out of the leaf.

26
Q

Function of the Guard Cells?

A

Uses osmotic pressure to open and close the stomata.

27
Q

Equation for Photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water —->Light energy —-> chlorophyll—-> glucose + oxygen.

28
Q

What structure in the roots increases the water absorption?

A

Root hairs.

29
Q

Why are air sacs found within the spongy mesophyll layer?

A

Because they spongy mesophyll diffuses carbon + oxygen.

30
Q

Function of the Stigma?

A

Collects pollen grains.

31
Q

Function of the Style?

A

Allows pollen tubes to travel to deliver sperm cells.

32
Q

Function of the Ovule?

A

Produces the female cell.

33
Q

Function of the Sepals?

A

Encloses and protects the reproductive structures.

34
Q

Function of the Petal?

A

Attracts Pollinators.

35
Q

Function of the Anther?

A

Produces and disperses pollen.

36
Q

Function of the Filament?

A

Carries nutrients to the anther and holds it up.

37
Q

What is the male reproductive part of the flower?

A

Stamen.

38
Q

What is the female reproductive part of the flower?

A

Pistil.

39
Q

What does the Stamen part of the power consist of?

A

The filament and the anther.

40
Q

What does the Pistil part of the power consist of?

A

The Stigma, Style and Ovary.

41
Q

What are the characteristics of an insect pollinated flower.

A

Brightly coloured petals, strongly scented, small amount, big and sticky pollen, anthers close to the centre, stigma deep inside the petals and sticky.

42
Q

What are the characteristics of wind pollinated flower.

A

Small and dull petals, mild scent, big amount, small and light pollen, anthers high in the air, stigma’s outside the small petals and feathery.

43
Q

What is the difference between pollination and fertilisation?

A

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma. Fertilisation is he fusion of the female and male gametes to produce a zygote.

44
Q

Which part in the flower becomes the seed in fertilisation?

A

Ovary/mature ovule.

45
Q

Which part of the flower becomes the fruit?

A

Ovary wall.

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