Life of Plants Flashcards
Function of the Plumule?
The first shot to grow upwards to the sun for photosynthesis.
Function of the Cotyledons?
Stores food for energy for the seed.
Function of the Radicle?
Absorbs water + anchors the plant as its the first root.
Function of the Micropyle?
Absorbs water in the seed for germination.
Function of the Testa?
Protects the seed.
Why do seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant?
Because otherwise plants will compete for light, water and nutrients from the soil.
What are the 3 things needed for germination?
Water, oxygen + sunlight.
What are the two organelles which are only in plant cells?
Chloroplast, Cell wall.
What are the characteristics of Primary Growth?
Increases the length in plants, mitosis cell division, results in the height of a plant, involves the tissue apical meristem.
What are the characteristics of Secondary Growth?
Increases the thickness of the plants, mitosis cell division, results in the girth of a plant, involves the tissue cambium.
Direction of Movement in Osmosis?
The area of high concentration to the area of low concentration.
What tissue is involved in Osmosis?
Root hairs.
What tissue is involved in Transpiration?
Xylem.
What tissue is involved in Translocation?
Phloem.
What is moved in Transpiration?
Water.
What tissue is involved in Translocation?
Sucrose/ sugar.
What is the direction of movement in Transpiration?
From the soil to the roots to the stems to the leaves.
What is moved in Osmosis?
Diffusion of water molecules.
What is the direction of movement in Translocation?
Up or down the plant?
Function of the Cuticle?
Protects the mesophyll layer.
Function of the Epidermis?
Provides protection for the plant.
Function of the Palisade Mesophyll?
Contains lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Function of the Spongey Mesophyll?
Carbon Dioxide diffuses into them + oxygen diffuses out of them.
Function of the Vascular Tissues?
Transports water, minerals + sugars throughout the plant.
Function of the Stomata?
Controls the flow of gases in and out of the leaf.
Function of the Guard Cells?
Uses osmotic pressure to open and close the stomata.
Equation for Photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water —->Light energy —-> chlorophyll—-> glucose + oxygen.
What structure in the roots increases the water absorption?
Root hairs.
Why are air sacs found within the spongy mesophyll layer?
Because they spongy mesophyll diffuses carbon + oxygen.
Function of the Stigma?
Collects pollen grains.
Function of the Style?
Allows pollen tubes to travel to deliver sperm cells.
Function of the Ovule?
Produces the female cell.
Function of the Sepals?
Encloses and protects the reproductive structures.
Function of the Petal?
Attracts Pollinators.
Function of the Anther?
Produces and disperses pollen.
Function of the Filament?
Carries nutrients to the anther and holds it up.
What is the male reproductive part of the flower?
Stamen.
What is the female reproductive part of the flower?
Pistil.
What does the Stamen part of the power consist of?
The filament and the anther.
What does the Pistil part of the power consist of?
The Stigma, Style and Ovary.
What are the characteristics of an insect pollinated flower.
Brightly coloured petals, strongly scented, small amount, big and sticky pollen, anthers close to the centre, stigma deep inside the petals and sticky.
What are the characteristics of wind pollinated flower.
Small and dull petals, mild scent, big amount, small and light pollen, anthers high in the air, stigma’s outside the small petals and feathery.
What is the difference between pollination and fertilisation?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma. Fertilisation is he fusion of the female and male gametes to produce a zygote.
Which part in the flower becomes the seed in fertilisation?
Ovary/mature ovule.
Which part of the flower becomes the fruit?
Ovary wall.
