Life In The Cell Flashcards
Ribosomes
Made from rRNA and protein
Responsible for protein synthesis
Large subunit 50 proteins
Small subunit 30 proteins
Found in cytosol (stays in cytosol if made there)
Bound to membranes (ER and nucleus) - proteins that leave the cell
Mitochondria and chloroplasts - stay in mitochondria
Restriction enzymes
Enzymes that cut up a DNA molecule at a specific DNA sequence
Cloning Vector
A small pice of DNA taken from an organism
F or cloning purposes
Antibiotics
Drugs that specifically inhibit to impede growth or kill bacteria cells but not humans cells
Taxonomy
Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain
Heritable Variation
Variation in a population are different because of different traits being passed down from parents
Excess Production
In a population more offspring are being produced than needed
When resources are limited, many of the offspring will die/not survive
Differential Reproductive Success
Excess population leads to competition
Some individual with better traits are fitter and have an advantage
Ex: giraffes with longer necks
What causes variation in offspring
Arises from mutations in the genome
Natural selection acts on existing variation
Artificial Selection
Selective breeding of individuals that have desired traits
Ex: different vegetables bred over historical time from variants of one wild ancestral species
Adaption (adaptive Evolution)
Organism changing to be better suited for their environment
Ex: colour, coat thickness, earsize
Lamarck
Suggested that evolution was caused by use and disuse
A giraffe stretching its neck passed on traits for a longer neck
Natural Selection
A process in which individuals that have certain traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates
Meiosis
The cellular process of reducing the haploid complement of chromosomes to produce sex cells (gametes)
True breeding
Organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generation of self-pollination
