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History Edexcel GCSE Weimar & Nazi Germany > Life in Nazi Germany: 1933 - 1939 > Flashcards

Life in Nazi Germany: 1933 - 1939 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the ideal Nazi woman look like?

A
  • Having a natural appearance
  • To have long hair tied back in a bun/plaits
  • To be sturdily built (for child bearing)
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2
Q

What were the three Nazi aims for women?

A
  1. Increase birth rate of the Aryan race
  2. Reduce number of women in work
  3. Encouraging women to be housewives
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3
Q

What law in 1933 did the Nazis implement to increase the birth rate?

A

In 1933, they passed the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage. This loaned up to 1000 marks to newly-wed couples, if the wife stopped working. The loan was let off by ¼ each time the couple had a baby.

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4
Q

What were mothers awarded to motivate them to have more children?

A

Women were awarded the Mother’s Cross medal for the number of children they had. Gold medal = 8 children.

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5
Q

How successful were the Nazis in increasing the birth rate?

A

The birth rate did increase, however this change could have been due to the economy stabilising.

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6
Q

How did the Nazis increase the births of the racially pure?

A

In 1935, they introduced the Lebensborn Programme, which encouraged unmarried women to have children with SS men. They were provided with a home and financial aid.

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7
Q

How did the Nazis reduce the number of women in work through propaganda?

A

Propaganda posters showed womens as mothers and speeches encouraged women to focus on the 3 KS: Kinder, Küche and Kirche. (Children, Kitchen, Church.)

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8
Q

How did Nazi laws reduce the number of women in work?

A

In 1933, women were banned from being teachers, doctors and civil servants. In the following years, women were barred from more professions.

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9
Q

How successful were the Nazis in reducing the number of working women?

A

By the end of 1934, 360,000 women had given up work.

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10
Q

Why were the youth so important to the Nazis?

A

The Nazis wanted to create a ‘Thousand Year Reich’ (a Nazi empire). In order to achieve this, they believed it would be the future generation that ensured Nazi Germany’s survival.

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11
Q

What were the names of the two youth groups aimed at boys and girls aged 14 - 18?

A

Boys: Hitler Youth
Girls: League of German Maidens

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12
Q

What were the Nazi Party’s aims for boys?

A

They wanted boys to be strong and healthy in order to work for the German economy and fight in the army.

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13
Q

What are four examples of activities done in the Hitler Youth?

A
  1. Camping and hiking
  2. Military drills
  3. Learning about Nazi ideologies
  4. Sport
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14
Q

What were boys in the Hitler Youth expected to act like?

A

They were trained to be obedient, but also ruthless to the enemy. The Hitler Youth also taught them to report anyone who was anti-Nazi.

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15
Q

What were the Nazi Party’s aims for girls?

A

To prepare to be wives and healthy mothers to increase the birth rate.

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16
Q

What are three examples of activities done in the League of German Maidens?

A
  1. Hiking and camping
  2. Housework
  3. Sports competitions
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17
Q

What were girls in the League of German Maidens expected to learn?

A

They were taught about racial hygeine and childcare.

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18
Q

How successful were the Nazi Youth Groups?

A

In 1939, there were 8 million members of the Nazi youth groups.

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19
Q

What was some opposition towards Nazi youth groups?

A
  1. Some youth formed opposition groups
  2. Some parents opposed the groups as their children were more loyal to the state, rather than their family
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20
Q

How were some subjects altered under the Nazi regime?

A
  • Traditional subjects were made to glorify Germany
  • Maths problems dealt with social issues
  • Time for PE doubled
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21
Q

What were two new subjects added to the curriculum by the Nazis?

A

Race Studies - which taught students how to classify racial groups and the superiority of the Aryan Race.

Eugenics - using controlled breeding to create the ‘perfect’ human being

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22
Q

What were some subjects specifically taught to boys and girls in schools under the Nazis?

A
  • Boys were taught military skills
  • Girls were taught domestic skills
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23
Q

What two things did the Nazis make compulsory for teachers?

A
  • All teachers had to be part of the Nazi Teachers League
  • Forced to attend courses about Nazi ideas
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24
Q

How did education adopt the customs of the Nazi Party?

A
  • All lessons began and ended with the Hitler salute
  • There were swastikas around the classroom
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25
Q

What four policies did Hitler use to reduce unemployment from 1933 - 39?

A
  1. The Labour Service
  2. Autobahns
  3. Rearmament
  4. Invisible unemployment
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26
Q

What was the Labour Service?

A

In 1935, it was made compulsory for men aged 18-25 to serve for 6 months. During this time, they did public work such as reparing roads.

27
Q

How did the Labour Service reduce unemployment?

A

Those who joined the Labour Service were not counted in unemployment figures.

28
Q

What was the autobahn construction project?

A

In 1933, the first autobahn (motorway) construction began. By 1935, 12,500 men were employed building motorways.

29
Q

How did autobahn construction reduce unemployment?

A

This project created many jobs for the unemployed. Better roads also meant that goods were transported more easily, boosting sales at home. This further created jobs.

30
Q

What was rearmament?

A

Hitler introduced military conscription in 1935 (ignoring the Treaty of Versailles) and by 1939, there were 1.36 million men in the armed forces.

31
Q

How did rearmament decrease unemployment?

A

As most men had to join the military, most men were technically at work. The demand for military equipment also increased causing industries to expand, making more jobs available.

32
Q

What was invisible unemployment?

A

When Jews and women weren’t counted as unemployed.

33
Q

How were the Nazis successful in reducing the unemployed?

A

Figures showed that unemployment had dropped by over 4 million.

34
Q

Why was the Nazi’s success in reducing the unemployed limited?

A
  • Figures didn’t actually reflect reality as Jews and women weren’t recorded
  • Some jobs were temporary
  • Some jobs were supported by high government spending
35
Q

What three Nazi organisations were set up to improve the standard of living for workers?

A
  1. German Labour Front (DAF)
  2. Strength through Joy programme
  3. Beauty of Labour programme
36
Q

What was the German Labour Front (DAF) and why did it improve living standards?

A

It was the only trade union in Germany. It helped increase wages by 20% from 1933 to 1939.

37
Q

Why were the benefits of the DAF limited?

A

Food prices also rose by an equivalent 20%, cancelling out the wage increase. Also, due to other trade unions being banned, the working week had risen by 6 hours by 1939.

38
Q

What was the Strength through Joy programme and how did it improve worker’s lives?

A

It was set up in 1933 to give benefits to workers. It offered leisure activities such as theatre shows.

39
Q

What did the Strength through Joy programme also offer?

A

They encouraged workers to pay 5 marks a week to buy the ‘people’s car’ or Volkswagen.

40
Q

Why were improvements in standard of living minimal for the Strength through Joy programme?

A

The factories that made the car switched production to make arms for the war. Therefore, the workers didn’t see their money or the Volkswagen.

41
Q

What was the Beauty of Labour programme and how did it benefit workers?

A

This aimed to improve conditions by providing canteens and better facilities.

42
Q

Why was the Beauty of Labour programme unsuccessful?

A

Workers were expected to make the improvements themselves with no extra pay.

43
Q

What did the Nazis believe about eugenics and racial hygeine?

A

Nazis believed that the Aryan race (blonde-haired and blue eyed) was the most superior and pure. Therefore, they supported selective breeding to create the ‘perfect’ human.

44
Q

How did Nazi beliefs on race affect their policies?

A
  • Eugenics was taught in schools
  • Racial hygeine was taught in youth groups
  • Aryan couples were encouraged to have children through the Lebensborn Programme
45
Q

What four minority groups were persecuted in Nazi Germany?

A
  1. Slavs
  2. ‘Gypsies’
  3. Homosexuals
  4. People with disabilites
46
Q

Why did the Nazis persecute the Slavs?

A

They were people who migrated from Eastern Europe. As they were of a different origin to the Germans, the Nazis believed they should be treated differently.

47
Q

What is one way that Slavs were persecuted?

A
  • Propaganda described Slavs as Untermenschen (sub-human)
48
Q

Why were ‘gypsies’ persecuted?

A

‘Gypsies’ were the name for Roma people who travelled from place to place. Nazis believed that they were lazy.

49
Q

How were ‘gypsies’ persecuted?

A
  • From1933 they were arrested and sent to concentration camps
  • From 1939 they were deported from Germany
50
Q

Why were homosexuals persecuted in Nazi Germany?

A

Nazis believed that they spoiled the purity of the German race.

51
Q

How were homosexuals persecuted?

A
  • Laws were passed against homosexuality
  • By 1938, 8000 homosexuals were imprisoned
52
Q

Why were people with disabilities persecuted?

A

Nazis believed they were a burden on society and weakened Germany.

53
Q

How were people with disabilities persecuted?

A
  • In 1933, a law was passed making it compulsory for the disabled to be sterilised
  • T4 Programme authorised the killing of children under 17 with severe mental/physical disabilities
54
Q

Why were Jews persecuted?

A

They were used as scapegoats for Germany’s defeat in WW1 and the Great Depression. This caused people to hate Jews and be suspicious of them.

55
Q

How were Jews persecuted in 1933?

A

There was an official boycott of Jewish businesses. The SA painted yellow stars on their shops and discouraged people from going in.

56
Q

How were Jews socially isolated from the public?

A

In 1934, Jews were banned from attending school and going to public places like parks.

57
Q

What happened to Jews in 1936?

A

They were banned from working as vets, accountants, dentists and teachers.

58
Q

What 1935 Nuremburg Law affected Jewish people’s citizenship?

A

The Reich Law on Citizenship: Jews were no longer seen as German citizens and they had to wear a yellow star to identify themselves.

59
Q

What 1935 Nuremburg Law affected relationships for Jews?

A

The Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour: forbade Jews from marrying/ having sexual relations with German citizens.

60
Q

What event caused Kristallnacht?

A

A young Polish Jew shot a German official in Paris.

61
Q

When was Kristallnacht and what does it mean?

A

Kristallnacht or the ‘Night of Broken Glass’ happened on 9 November 1938.

62
Q

What happened on Kristallnacht?

A
  • 100 Jews were killed
  • 191 synagogues were destroyed
  • Jews were fined 1 billion marks for the damage
63
Q

What happened after Kristallnacht?

A

From 1939, Jews were forced to leave Germany and were sent to concentration camps.

History Edexcel GCSE Weimar & Nazi Germany (4 decks)

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