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History Edexcel GCSE Weimar & Nazi Germany > Hitler's Rise to Power: 1919 - 1933 > Flashcards

Hitler's Rise to Power: 1919 - 1933 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the German Worker’s Party (DAP) set up and by who?

A

In 1919 by Anton Drexler.

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2
Q

When did Hitler Join the DAP?

A

September 1919.

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3
Q

How did Adolf Hitler rise in command within the German Worker’s Party?

A

Hitler became second in command of the DAP in 1920. In the same year, he changed the name to Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (NSDAP) or Nazi Party for short.

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4
Q

When did Hitler become leader of the NSDAP?

A

1921.

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5
Q

Who was the Twenty-Five Point Programme written by?

A

Hitler and Drexler.

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6
Q

What were three points in the Twenty-Five Point Programme?

A
  • Get rid of the Treaty of Versailles
  • Build up Germany’s armed forces
  • Only German races may be citizens - no Jews
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7
Q

Who set up the SA and when?

A

Hitler formed the SA in August 1921.

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8
Q

What was the role of the SA?

A

They were under the control of Ernst Röhm. They were nicknamed the ‘brownshirts’ becuase of their uniform and were used to disrupt opposition meetings (often violently).

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9
Q

What were the three reasons for the Munich Putsch?

A
  1. Economic collapse
  2. Lack of support for the Weimar Republic
  3. Events in Italy
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10
Q

Why did economic collapse lead to the Munich Putsch?

A

In 1923, the French occupied the Ruhr and there was the hyperinflation crisis. Many Germans blamed the Weimar Republic and Hitler was confident that they would support a rebellion against the government.

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11
Q

Why did lack of support for the Weimar Republic spur the Munich Putsch?

A

The signing of the Treaty of Versailles had caused Germans to resent the Weimar Republic, causing them to support nationalist parties like the NSDAP. Hitler also expected the government in Bavaria to support the Putsch as they also disliked the Weimar government.

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12
Q

How did events in Italy encourage the Munich Putsch?

A

In 1922, Mussolini’s Party - the Fascists marched in Rome and demanded the democratic government to accept him as leader. Hitler was influenced by this right-wing party.

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13
Q

What happened on 8 November 1923 (first day of the Putsch)?

A

Hitler and 600 SA members entered a beer hall in Munich where the Bavarian government were having a meeting. At gunpoint, Hitler forced the leaders to support him. They agreed but later went back on their word.

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14
Q

What happened on 9 November 1923?

A

Hitler gathered with 1000 SA members and 2000 paid supporters in Munich to declare himself as President. However, they were outnumbered by the police and the ‘supporters’ fled.

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15
Q

What happened to Hitler and the SA after the Munich Putsch?

A

Hitler and Röhm were arrested. The SA was rounded up and disarmed.

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16
Q

What were the negative short-term consequences of the Munich Putsch?

A
  • NSDAP was banned
  • Putsch failed due to lack of support
  • Hitler was imprisoned
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17
Q

Why were the negative consequences of the Munich Putsch minimal?

A

Hitler had a 5 year sentence, but was released after 9 months. The NSDAP’s ban was lifted in 1925.

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18
Q

What were the positive long-term consequences of the Munich Putsch?

A
  • Hitler used his trial to publicise his views
  • Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) which became a best-seller
  • The failure of the Putsch made Hitler rethink his strategy and use legal tactics instead
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19
Q

What were three reasons why the Nazi Party had limited support from 1924-29?

A
  1. Gustav Stresseman
  2. Diplomatic relations
  3. President Hindenburg
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20
Q

Why did Gustav Stresemann limit the Nazi Party’s support in the years of 1924 - 29?

A

Stresemann’s policies improved the German economy and increased people’s trust in the Republic. Standards of living also improved, making people less likely to vote extremist parties.

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21
Q

How did diplomatic relations decrease support for the Nazi Party?

A

As Germany had signed two Pacts and joined the League of Nations, this made the Weimar Republic appear to be standing up for Germany abroad.

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22
Q

How did President Hindenburg stop the Nazi Party from gaining German’s suport?

A

Hindenburg became President of the Weimar Republic in 1925 and was popular amongst the people, taking support away from the NSDAP.

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23
Q

State three aspects that were reorganised within the Nazi Party.

A
  1. Core values
  2. NSDAP was re-structured
  3. Bamberg Conference
24
Q

How were the Nazi Party’s values re-established?

A

Hitler’s book - Mein Kampf showed that the Nazi Party had a clear vision, which helped them build support as it was about strengthening Germany and focusing on traditional values.

25
Q

How was the NSDAP re-structured to become a national party?

A

Hitler appointed leaders for each government department. Eg: finance. He also assigned a Gauleiter (leader) to each of Germany’s 35 regions to manage Nazi activities. This meant that the NSDAP appealed to wider society.

26
Q

How did the Bamberg Conference in 1926 alter the Nazi Party?

A

Hitler used the conference to address the splits between the nationalist and socialists wings of the NSDAP. This made sure everyone was united by the same idea.

27
Q

What was the Wall Street Crash and when did it happen?

A

In October 1929, US companies lost billions of dollars in value overnight. This triggered a worldwide depression.

28
Q

How did the Wall Street Crash affect Germany?

A

After the Wall Street Crash, American banks stopped lending money to Germany and demanded that they pay back all money loaned under the Dawes Plan.

29
Q

How did the Great Depression impact the German public?

A
  • By January 1933, 6 million were unemployed
  • Taxes increased to help pay for unemployment benefits
  • Many were made homeless as they were unable to pay rent
30
Q

How did the Great Depression affect German businesses?

A
  • They were forced to close
  • Had to sack workers
31
Q

Why was there an increase in support for the Communist Party during the Great Depression?

A

More of the working class voted for the communists as they were seen as the only party who could increase the number of jobs and wages.

32
Q

What were the four reasons that caused support for Nazi Party to increase between 1929 - 32?

A
  1. The Great Depression
  2. The SA
  3. Propaganda
  4. Hitler’s appeal
33
Q

Why did the Great Depression increase support for the NSDAP?

A

Since the Weimar Republic was unreliable in a time of crisis, Germans were desperate and began turning to extremist parties. Many lost confidence in democracy and believed that only the Nazi or Communist Party could help them.

34
Q

Why was Communism unpopular amongst wealthy Germans?

A

Communism was unpopular amongst business owners and the middle class, as they feared that their wealth would be taken away.

35
Q

How did the SA increase support for the Nazi Party in the years between 1929 - 32?

A

As the Nazis hated communism, they used the SA to tear down opposition posters and disrupt meetings. This action convinced business owners (who also disliked communsim) to fund Hitler’s campaigns and vote for the NSDAP.

36
Q

Why did propaganda increase the Nazi Party’s appeal from 1929 - 32?

A

Hitler used modern propaganda such as planes and radio broadcasts to reach more people across Germany. The propaganda showed Hitler as a strong leader, who would solve Germany’s problems unlike the Weimar Republic.

37
Q

What propaganda did Hitler use to target specific groups?

A
  • Nazis promised ‘Work, freedom and bread’ to the unemployed
  • Hitler stated that the NSDAP would save women’s families
  • He assured the middle class he would protect them from Communism
38
Q

How did Hitler’s appeal increase support for the Nazi Party?

A
  • Since Hitler was an excellent public speaker, he was able to convince the public to vote him
  • Hitler also was featured as a war hero in Nazi propaganda, which showed the Germans he was strong
39
Q

Who was Paul von Hindenburg?

A

He was a WW1 hero and President of the Weimar Republic.

40
Q

Who was Heinrich Brüning?

A

The Chancellor before Hitler.

41
Q

Who was General Franz von Papen?

A

A politician and friend of Hindenburg.

42
Q

Who was Kurt von Schleicher?

A

The Army General.

43
Q

What were the three main reasons that Hitler was appointed Chancellor?

A
  1. Presidential elections of April 1932
  2. Reichstag election + conflict between communists and Nazis
  3. Lack of alternatives
44
Q

How did the Presidential election of 1932 show Hitler could become Chancellor?

A

In April 1932, Hindenburg was re-elected as President although Hitler increasd his share of votes. This proved that the Nazi Party was gaining popularity.

45
Q

What two things did Chancellor Brüning that brought about his resignation?

A
  1. He banned the SA, angering Hitler
  2. He proposed that he would take land from landowners to house the unemployed. However, wealthy Germans and Hindenburg disagreed.
46
Q

Who replaced Chancellor Brüning?

A

Franz von Papen.

47
Q

What was the undemocratic coalition that Schleicher was planning?

A

Schleicher was planning a coaltion between wealthy businessmen and the right-wing. Hitler agreed with the coalition on the terms that the SA’s ban would be removed.

48
Q

What was the outcome of the July 1932 Reichstag election? What did Hitler do after this?

A

The Nazis won 38% of votes, making them the largest party in the Reichstag. Hitler demanded to be made Chancellor, but Hindenburg refused.

49
Q

What event happened alongside the Reichstag election?

A

100 people were killed as a result of violence between the SA and the Communist’s Party Red Front Fighters.

50
Q

How was the Reichstag election and widespread fighting a reason why Hitler became Chancellor?

A

The conflict showed the middle class that Hitler could prevent Germany from being taken over by communists. The Nazi’s majority in the Reichstag election also pressured Hindenburg as Hitler had alot of power.

51
Q

What happened to Chancellor von Papen?

A

He resigned in December 1932.

52
Q

Who replaced Chancellor von Papen?

A

Kurt von Schleicher.

53
Q

Why was Schleicher becoming Chancellor a bad decision?

A

He lacked support in the public and the Reichstag.

54
Q

Why did Hindenburg remove von Schleicher as Chancellor?

A

Schleicher was planning on ruling Germany under a military dictatorship that Hindenburg didn’t want.

55
Q

Why was Hitler finally appointed Chancellor?

A

There was a lack of alternatives. Franz von Papen was appointed as Vice Chancellor and thought he could control Hitler with Hindenburg.

56
Q

When was Hitler appointed as Chancellor?

A

30 Jan 1933.

History Edexcel GCSE Weimar & Nazi Germany (4 decks)

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