Life in Medieval England

Question 1

Number of sheep in 1300

Answer 1

12 million

Question 2

Name 4 jobs involved in the wool trade

Answer 2

Shepherds
Shearers
Clerks
Sailors

Question 3

Why did towns develop?

Answer 3

-Growing markets
-A hub of craftsmen was created
-Edward created may towns as they were profitable as he could implement taxes and tolls on them

Question 4

Number of sacks of wool exported from England per year

Answer 4

40,000

Question 5

How did the wool trade benefit Edward?

Answer 5

The wool trade was important because it not only helped provide money and food for the people and meant that England was more stable, but meant it made enough money that Edward I could also tax the wool trade and this provided a steady income to help him fund his wars in Wales and Scotland.

Question 6

Wool customs duty 1275

Answer 6

7s 4d

Question 7

Wool customs duty 1293

Answer 7

40s

Question 8

Example of resistance to the increased customs duty on wool

Answer 8

1297: one of the barons physically blocked the collection of taxes at the Exchequer

Question 9

By ___ Edward had borrowed __ from the Riccardi

Answer 9

1294
&
£390,000

Question 10

What did towns need to legally hold markets?

Answer 10

Royal charters

Question 11

How did re-coinage benefit Edward?

Answer 11

-Encouraged trade as it lowered inflation and foreign merchants would accept their coins
-More trade duties paid
-Higher income for the Edmeister

Question 12

When was coin clipping made punishable by death?

Answer 12

1275

Question 13

When was the England/France war?
Effect on Riccardi bankers

Answer 13

1294
Their money was in France but Edward demanded more
French king stopped them from accessing the money
The Riccardi were ruined

Question 14

Who replaced the Riccardi?

Answer 14

The Frescobaldi

Question 15

When were the coins replaced?

Answer 15

1279

Question 16

Edward’s profit from re-coinage

Answer 16

£25,000

Question 17

Jews executed in the coin clipping crisis

Answer 17

273

Question 18

Aaron of Lincoln loans

Answer 18

Jews £60,000
Christians £70,000

Question 19

Aaron of Lincoln debtors

Answer 19

Kings of England and Scotland
Earls
Sheriffs
Archbishop of Canterbury

Question 20

Statute of Jewry

Answer 20

1275
-Usury was banned
-Debts owed to Jews were redirected to Edward
-Jews over 7 had to wear a yellow badge
-Jews over 12 had to pay an annual threepence tax

Question 21

How did expelling Jews benefit Edward?

Answer 21

Edward freed many nobles from debt making them more likely to support him in war
Antisemitism as a political tool and he could define himself as a ‘protector’ of Christians
Could make a lot of money from Jews’ debtors

Question 22

Edict of Expulsion

Answer 22

July 1290
Jews had to leave or face execution

Question 23

Why were Jews ‘less important’ to Edward’s reign than to Henry III’s reign?

Answer 23

Edward didn’t rely on the as much as he used Italian bankers greatly as well.

Question 24

What did Jews lend money for?

Answer 24

Purchase of land
Facilitating pilgrimage

Question 25

Violence and discrimination against Jews

Answer 25

-Mobs sought loan records to destroy -Didn't attend church so were seen as different -Blamed for Christ's crucifixion and dangerous myths spread about them such as 'blood libel' -'Blood libel' was the rumour of Jews murdering Christians to use their blood in rituals.

Question 26

% Land owned by Church

Answer 26

Over 30%

Question 27

Places for pilgrimage abroad

Answer 27

Holy Land (Israel/Palestine) Rome Tomb of St James the Apostle, Spain

Question 28

Places for pilgrimage, England

Answer 28

-Canterbury: Tomb of Thomas Becket -Walsingham

Question 29

Impact of the friars

Answer 29

-Preached lively sermons in public in English -> accessible -Invented Christmas carols

Question 30

When were Oxford and Cambridge Universities founded?

Answer 30

Oxford: 1096 Cambridge: 1209

Question 31

Roger Bacon

Answer 31

-Franciscan friar -Studied at Oxford -Studied science and alchemy -Didn't respect reputations and found errors in Aristotle's teachings -Unpopular and revolutionary ideas got him thrown out of the Franciscans and into prison

Question 32

Duns Scotus

Answer 32

-Franciscan -Studied at Oxford -Theologian known as the 'Marian Dr' -Controversial ideas

Question 33

What was a tithing?

Answer 33

Smallest unit of law enforcement that was made up of men and boy over 12. Their job was to produce a criminal for court.

Question 34

Seeking sanctuary

Answer 34

-Can seek sanctuary in a church for 40 days and nights if accused of a crime. After, criminals could go and leave the country by port. Only serious criminals could be extracted from sanctuary.

Question 35

How did Edward develop General Eyre?

Answer 35

General Eyre: Accused people were imprisoned for months awaiting trial Assizes: Introduced 1294, made sure that judges visited areas regularly to give faster trials

Question 36

Development of Royal Courts

Answer 36

King's bench heard criminal cases and appeals from lower courts E.g. Court of Common Pleas at Westminster dealt with property rights. These were used more as the 13th Century progressed, showing that they were a valued development.

Question 37

What change did Edward make to the Parliament? (2)

Answer 37

Gave people the right to petition grievances to Parliament Any member of the House of Lords had the right to trial by peers.

Question 38

Hue and Cry

Answer 38

An alarm that was raised in villages which meant that a criminal around and every man had to work to catch him.

Question 39

Statute of Gloucester

Answer 39

1278 -Land disputes -Royal justices sent round the country to hear cases -Laws regarding manslaughter were clarified

Question 40

Statute of Winchester

Answer 40

1285 -Said that each town and borough was to have night watchmen at each gate -Hue and cry -Everyone in a hundred was to be collectively responsible for criminal activity

Question 41

What did the implementation of the SoW suggest?

Answer 41

That there was an increase in crime

Question 42

The church and the law

Answer 42

-Canon courts separate from secular courts that had a reputation for lesser punishment -Criminals could claim Benefit of Clergy by reciting Psalm 51

Question 43

How was Edward concerned with the Church's role in the legal system?

Answer 43

He wanted to close legal loopholes such as Benefit of Clergy and wanted all citizens to be tried equally in courts. Legal reform was important for him securing England and centralising his own authority after the loss of power during Henry III's reign.