Edward's military campaigns in Wales

Question 1

Treaty of Montgomery

Answer 1

1267
Llywelyn was declared Prince of Wales, at a price of £20,000

Question 2

How did the English control the Welsh after the 1st Welsh War?

Answer 2

-Building castles
-Making English people oversee Wales
-Building of boroughs: walled towns with taxes and limited jobs for the Welsh
-Introducing English law, language and dress

Question 3

How many times did Llywelyn refuse to pay homage?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

In ___ Edward ordered the kidnapping of Llywelyn’s bride called___

Answer 4

1275
Eleanor de Montfort

Question 5

When did Llywelyn gain power of Gwynedd?

Answer 5

1255

Question 6

Marcher lords

Answer 6

-Owned land in the Welsh Marches (England/Wales border)
-Descendants of Norman barons

Question 7

Treaty of Aberconwy

Answer 7

1277
Forced Llywelyn to accept Edward as an overlord
Reduced Llywelyn’s land (he was only left with Gwynedd). This reduced his power and influence
Became Prince if Gwynedd instead of Prince of Wales

Question 8

Causes of the First Welsh War

Answer 8

Edward I was a determined and ambitious monarch who sought to exert greater control over Wales as part of his efforts to strengthen the English monarchy. He saw Wales as a strategic territory to take.

Question 9

What was Edward’s network of Welsh castles called?

Answer 9

Ring of Iron/ Iron Ring

Question 10

List some of Edward’s Welsh castles

Answer 10

Aberystwyth
Builth
Caernarfon
Denbigh
Flint
Hawarden
Rhuddlan

Question 11

How did Llywelyn lose the 1st Welsh War?

Answer 11

August 1277: Edward sent 2000 men to attack Anglesey, which was the breadbasket of Wales
Crops destroyed
Facing starvation, he surrendered.

Question 12

First Welsh War date

Answer 12

1277

Question 13

2nd Welsh War date

Answer 13

1282-83

Question 14

Statute of Rhuddlan

Answer 14

1284
-Gwynedd divided into 4 counties, each to be ruled by a royal official
-Implementation of English common law throughout Wales

Question 15

When was Edward’s son declared Prince of Wales?

Answer 15

1301

Question 16

Reasons for conflict with Wales

Answer 16

Economic: He could use Wales to finance his trade and get resources e.g. wool. Needed control of Wales as he couldn’t afford for rebellious Welshmen to disrupt his trade

Political: Show he was stronger than Henry III. He didn’t trust Llywelyn.

Personal: Llywelyn allied with de Montfort. He captured Edward’s bride Eleanor in 1275. He refused to pay homage to Edward 5 times.