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BTEC Health and Social > Life Events > Flashcards

Life Events Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of life events?

A

Predictable and Unperdictbale

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2
Q

What are some examples of life events?

A
  • Moving house
  • Starting school
  • Starting a family
  • Marriage
  • Divorce
  • Injury/Illness
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3
Q

What are the four transitions?

A

Physical
Emotional
Physiological
Intellectual

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4
Q

What are some examples of physical transitions?

A
  • Workplace
  • School
  • Home
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5
Q

What are some examples of emotional transitions?

A
  • Bereavement
  • Marriage
  • Divorce
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6
Q

What are some examples of intellectual transitions?

A
  • College
  • University
  • Job promotion
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7
Q

What are some examples of physiological transitions?

A
  • Puberty
  • Injury
  • Health conditions
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8
Q

What are predictable life events?

A

Events that are likely to happen to most people like starting school or work.
They can be anticipated and prepared for, these events often have positive effects on the individual.

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9
Q

What are unpredictable life events?

A

Events that are unexpected such as an accident or serious illness, they happen with little to no warning so they cannot be prepared for.

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10
Q

What can might certain life events cause?

A
  • Headaches/migraines
  • Mental health problems
  • Heart conditions
  • Anxiety
  • Digestive problems
  • High blood pressure
  • Stress/sleeping difficulties
  • Stress
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11
Q

What does Nature mean?

A

The influence of inherited features on development, based on the assumption that children are genetically pre-programmed with inherited skills, abilities and behaviours from their parents.

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12
Q

What does Nurture mean?

A

The influence of environmental factors and nurturing, based on the assumption that characteristics are acquired and can be shaped through experiences.

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13
Q

What is a genetic predisposition?

A

The inherited likely hood, mostly related to a disease. If a person has a history of heart disease in the family they have a genetic predisposition to heart disease.

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14
Q

What do genetic factors affect?

A

Physical growth, development, health and appearance.

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15
Q

What are some conditions caused by a dominant gene?

A

Brittle bone disease

Huntington’s disease

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16
Q

What are some conditions caused by a recessive gene?

A

Cystic fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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17
Q

What are conditions caused by abnormalities in an individuals chromosomes?

A

Down’s syndrome
Kinefetler syndrome
Colour blindness

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18
Q

What does a genetic susceptibility to disease?

A

This means an increased likelihood of developing a disease because of an individual’s genetic makeup.

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19
Q

What are biological factors?

A

A biological factor is a factor that can affect the development of a living organism.

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20
Q

What biological factors of a mother’s lifestyle would affect their unborn child?

A
  • Poor diet
  • Drug use
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking
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21
Q

How would poor lifestyle choices from the mother affect the development of a child?

A
  • low birth weight
  • premature birth
  • long-term health problems
  • learning disabilities
  • developmental delay
  • congenital defects
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22
Q

How can maternal infections affect an unborn baby?

A

Infections such as rubella or cytomegalovirus can be passed to the baby in the womb and may cause:

  • health problems
  • congenital defects
  • still birth
  • facial abnormalities
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23
Q

How is foetal alcohol syndrome caused?

A

Exposure to alcohol in the womb

24
Q

What are the symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?

A
  • small head circumference
  • neurological problems
  • abnormal growth
  • developmental delay
  • face abnormalities
25
Q

What are congenital anomalies?

A

Defects or anomalies in the developing foetus, such as congenital heart disease or club foot, these anomalies may be defected before birth, during or after.

26
Q

What are the factors contributing to congenital anomalies?

A
  • Genetic
  • Nutritional
  • Environmental
  • Infections
27
Q

What are examples of factors affecting human growth and development?

A
  • Inherited
  • Environmental
  • Social
  • Economic
  • Biological
  • Life events
28
Q

What are examples of outdoor pollutants?

A
  • traffic fumes
  • domestic fumes
  • industry
  • pesticides
29
Q

What are examples of indoor pollutants?

A
  • cleaning chemicals
  • aerosols
  • cigarette smoke
  • mould/bacteria
30
Q

What are some conditions caused by pollutants?

A
  • bronchitis
  • asthma
  • emphysema
  • lung cancer
  • artery blockage
  • heart attack
  • wheezing
  • rashes
  • allergic rhinitis
  • anaphylactic shock
31
Q

What can poor housing lead to?

A

short term or longer term health problems

32
Q

What can poor ventilation/damp and mould lead to?

A

respiratory disorders

33
Q

What can overcrowding lead to?

A

anxiety/depression

34
Q

What can inadequate heating lead to?

A

hypothermia

35
Q

What can poor sanitation/vermin lead to?

A

risk of infection

36
Q

What can lack of outdoor spaces lead to?

A

cardiovascular problems

37
Q

Who is more at risk of pollution?

A

Infants, people with existing respiratory disorders and the elderly are more at risk from pollution.

38
Q

How can access to services be difficult to some based on service availability?

A
  • specialist services or drugs are not available in some geographical areas
  • may be restrictions on delivery or service opening times
  • pressure on services because of increased demand
  • waiting times are affected by lack of availability of specialists and hospital beds
  • lack of public transport to take individuals to and from services
39
Q

How can access to services be difficult to some based on individual circumstances?

A
  • mobility difficulties restrict physical access
  • learning and/or communication difficulties impact on a person’s understanding of and contact with available services
  • sensory difficulties impact on a persons ability to find out about and access services
  • personal circumstances such as caring for others or working long hours can make attending services difficult
40
Q

How can family relationships impact you in the future?

A

the quality of family relationships has a long term impact on development

41
Q

What are the characteristics of a dysfunctional family?

A
  • members of the family do not carry out their responsibilities
  • needs of family members are not met
  • family members display negatively towards each other
  • sibling rivalry and conflict
  • abuse may happen
  • use of coercion and blame
42
Q

What are the reasons for a dysfunctional family

A
  • parents perpetuate their own dysfunctional upbringing
  • untreated mental illness in one or more family members
  • alcohol or drug abuse by one or more members of the family
43
Q

What is the impact of a dysfunctional family?

A

members of dysfunctional families have negative self-image and low self-esteem. and difficulty building friendships and relationships.

44
Q

What are the possible effects of parental divorce or separation?

A
  • stress
  • isolation
  • increased likelihood of drug or alcohol use
  • health problems
  • guilt
  • psychological problems
45
Q

What does a authoritative parenting style equate to?

A

Children are accepted for who they are, there is mutual love and respect.
Children are often self-controlled, confident and have high self-esteem.

46
Q

What does a authoritarian parenting style equate to?

A

Parents assert their authority, children are controlled.

Children may have poor social skills and low self-esteem.

47
Q

What does a permissive parenting style equate to?

A

Parents are indulgent, they do not attempt to control behaviour.
Children may be self-confident, impulsive and have difficulty building friendships.

48
Q

What does a disengaged/uninvolved parenting style equate to?

A

Parents are neglectful and show a lack of interest, there is a poor attachment.
Children may have low confidence and self-esteem and hide their emotions.

49
Q

Can bullying happen at any life stage?

A

Yes

50
Q

What are the four different types of bullying?

A
  • verbal
  • emotional
  • physical
  • cyber bullying
51
Q

What are the short-term effects of bullying?

A
  • inability to cope with life events
  • poor self-image
  • low self-esteem
  • eating disorders
  • withdrawal from school, work and activities
  • stress/anxiety
52
Q

What are the long-term effects of bullying?

A
  • difficulties forming relationships
  • poor academic achievement
  • substance misuse
  • self harm
  • increased risk of suicide
53
Q

What does culture, community and beliefs influence?

A
  • diet
  • dress
  • morality
  • lifestyle
  • relationships
  • personal values
54
Q

What are the positive social and emotional effects of culture and beliefs?

A
  • people share the same values, beliefs and religion
  • people feel accepted and are supported by others
  • people feel valued by others because of their values, beliefs and religion
55
Q

What are the negative social and emotional effects of culture and beliefs?

A
  • people are discriminated against because of their values, beliefs or religion
  • people feel excluded because of their values, beliefs or religion
  • a person’s culture is ignored or not understood

BTEC Health and Social (3 decks)

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