Life Events Flashcards
What are the two types of life events?
Predictable and Unperdictbale
What are some examples of life events?
- Moving house
- Starting school
- Starting a family
- Marriage
- Divorce
- Injury/Illness
What are the four transitions?
Physical
Emotional
Physiological
Intellectual
What are some examples of physical transitions?
- Workplace
- School
- Home
What are some examples of emotional transitions?
- Bereavement
- Marriage
- Divorce
What are some examples of intellectual transitions?
- College
- University
- Job promotion
What are some examples of physiological transitions?
- Puberty
- Injury
- Health conditions
What are predictable life events?
Events that are likely to happen to most people like starting school or work.
They can be anticipated and prepared for, these events often have positive effects on the individual.
What are unpredictable life events?
Events that are unexpected such as an accident or serious illness, they happen with little to no warning so they cannot be prepared for.
What can might certain life events cause?
- Headaches/migraines
- Mental health problems
- Heart conditions
- Anxiety
- Digestive problems
- High blood pressure
- Stress/sleeping difficulties
- Stress
What does Nature mean?
The influence of inherited features on development, based on the assumption that children are genetically pre-programmed with inherited skills, abilities and behaviours from their parents.
What does Nurture mean?
The influence of environmental factors and nurturing, based on the assumption that characteristics are acquired and can be shaped through experiences.
What is a genetic predisposition?
The inherited likely hood, mostly related to a disease. If a person has a history of heart disease in the family they have a genetic predisposition to heart disease.
What do genetic factors affect?
Physical growth, development, health and appearance.
What are some conditions caused by a dominant gene?
Brittle bone disease
Huntington’s disease
What are some conditions caused by a recessive gene?
Cystic fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
What are conditions caused by abnormalities in an individuals chromosomes?
Down’s syndrome
Kinefetler syndrome
Colour blindness
What does a genetic susceptibility to disease?
This means an increased likelihood of developing a disease because of an individual’s genetic makeup.
What are biological factors?
A biological factor is a factor that can affect the development of a living organism.
What biological factors of a mother’s lifestyle would affect their unborn child?
- Poor diet
- Drug use
- Alcohol
- Smoking
How would poor lifestyle choices from the mother affect the development of a child?
- low birth weight
- premature birth
- long-term health problems
- learning disabilities
- developmental delay
- congenital defects
How can maternal infections affect an unborn baby?
Infections such as rubella or cytomegalovirus can be passed to the baby in the womb and may cause:
- health problems
- congenital defects
- still birth
- facial abnormalities
How is foetal alcohol syndrome caused?
Exposure to alcohol in the womb
What are the symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?
- small head circumference
- neurological problems
- abnormal growth
- developmental delay
- face abnormalities
What are congenital anomalies?
Defects or anomalies in the developing foetus, such as congenital heart disease or club foot, these anomalies may be defected before birth, during or after.
What are the factors contributing to congenital anomalies?
- Genetic
- Nutritional
- Environmental
- Infections
What are examples of factors affecting human growth and development?
- Inherited
- Environmental
- Social
- Economic
- Biological
- Life events
What are examples of outdoor pollutants?
- traffic fumes
- domestic fumes
- industry
- pesticides
What are examples of indoor pollutants?
- cleaning chemicals
- aerosols
- cigarette smoke
- mould/bacteria
What are some conditions caused by pollutants?
- bronchitis
- asthma
- emphysema
- lung cancer
- artery blockage
- heart attack
- wheezing
- rashes
- allergic rhinitis
- anaphylactic shock
What can poor housing lead to?
short term or longer term health problems
What can poor ventilation/damp and mould lead to?
respiratory disorders
What can overcrowding lead to?
anxiety/depression
What can inadequate heating lead to?
hypothermia
What can poor sanitation/vermin lead to?
risk of infection
What can lack of outdoor spaces lead to?
cardiovascular problems
Who is more at risk of pollution?
Infants, people with existing respiratory disorders and the elderly are more at risk from pollution.
How can access to services be difficult to some based on service availability?
- specialist services or drugs are not available in some geographical areas
- may be restrictions on delivery or service opening times
- pressure on services because of increased demand
- waiting times are affected by lack of availability of specialists and hospital beds
- lack of public transport to take individuals to and from services
How can access to services be difficult to some based on individual circumstances?
- mobility difficulties restrict physical access
- learning and/or communication difficulties impact on a person’s understanding of and contact with available services
- sensory difficulties impact on a persons ability to find out about and access services
- personal circumstances such as caring for others or working long hours can make attending services difficult
How can family relationships impact you in the future?
the quality of family relationships has a long term impact on development
What are the characteristics of a dysfunctional family?
- members of the family do not carry out their responsibilities
- needs of family members are not met
- family members display negatively towards each other
- sibling rivalry and conflict
- abuse may happen
- use of coercion and blame
What are the reasons for a dysfunctional family
- parents perpetuate their own dysfunctional upbringing
- untreated mental illness in one or more family members
- alcohol or drug abuse by one or more members of the family
What is the impact of a dysfunctional family?
members of dysfunctional families have negative self-image and low self-esteem. and difficulty building friendships and relationships.
What are the possible effects of parental divorce or separation?
- stress
- isolation
- increased likelihood of drug or alcohol use
- health problems
- guilt
- psychological problems
What does a authoritative parenting style equate to?
Children are accepted for who they are, there is mutual love and respect.
Children are often self-controlled, confident and have high self-esteem.
What does a authoritarian parenting style equate to?
Parents assert their authority, children are controlled.
Children may have poor social skills and low self-esteem.
What does a permissive parenting style equate to?
Parents are indulgent, they do not attempt to control behaviour.
Children may be self-confident, impulsive and have difficulty building friendships.
What does a disengaged/uninvolved parenting style equate to?
Parents are neglectful and show a lack of interest, there is a poor attachment.
Children may have low confidence and self-esteem and hide their emotions.
Can bullying happen at any life stage?
Yes
What are the four different types of bullying?
- verbal
- emotional
- physical
- cyber bullying
What are the short-term effects of bullying?
- inability to cope with life events
- poor self-image
- low self-esteem
- eating disorders
- withdrawal from school, work and activities
- stress/anxiety
What are the long-term effects of bullying?
- difficulties forming relationships
- poor academic achievement
- substance misuse
- self harm
- increased risk of suicide
What does culture, community and beliefs influence?
- diet
- dress
- morality
- lifestyle
- relationships
- personal values
What are the positive social and emotional effects of culture and beliefs?
- people share the same values, beliefs and religion
- people feel accepted and are supported by others
- people feel valued by others because of their values, beliefs and religion
What are the negative social and emotional effects of culture and beliefs?
- people are discriminated against because of their values, beliefs or religion
- people feel excluded because of their values, beliefs or religion
- a person’s culture is ignored or not understood
