Life During the CW - THE WHITE TERROR Flashcards
Who Conducted the white terror?
nationalists
How Long did the white terror Last?
1936-39 (whole civil war)
because part of Nationalist Party Policy to increase control
What was the White Terror for?
to remove political opponents/ increase control
BUT
also a moral crusade against supposed enemies of catholic spain = ‘clean up operation against moral evils’
Who were the Targets of the white terror?
- anarchists
- homosexuals
- independent women
- trade unionists
- socialists
- communists
How Many were Killed during the white terror?
exceeded 200,000 killed
What is an Example of the white terror in Extremadura?
1,800 peasants slaughtered when land was returned to landowners - bodies left unburied in fields to scare others
What was the ‘Massacre of the Reds’ as an Example of the white terror?
Massacre of the Reds:
(14 August 1936)
= 650-1,300 civilians killed & repub soldiers killed after the fall of Badajoz
What is an Example of the white terror in Malaga?
February 1937:
4,000 residents killed in Malaga
What is an Example of the white terror in Pamplona?
mass execution of residents of Pamplona following annual celebration of the Virgin Mary
= ‘bloody sacrifice’ necessary to win God’s favour
What is an Example of the white terror in Teruel?
1,000 men, women & children killed for being critical of Nationalist cause
How were LGBT treated during white terror?
Franco unleashed terror on gay men & lesbians
- intimidated, imprisoned, killed
- lesbians given punishments aimed to ‘cure’ them
e.g. forced isolation, compulsory ‘psychiatric therapy’ & ‘electroshock therapy’
- bisexuals also punished
How did the white terror treat Women who Refused to Conform?
women who refused to conform as submissive wife, dutiful daughter etc.
= punished
+
F saw heterosexual monogamy as the only way - liberated women were a threat to social order
+
persecuted ppl viewed as ‘godless’
What was done with the Bodies of the Victims of the white terror?
victims’ bodies left in the streets or heaped together in a cemetery & burned
Who was Federico Garcia Lorca?
- famous spanish poet
- openly gay man
- execution used as an example, remains never found
