Life Cycles

Question 0

What are the three types of animal life cycles?

Answer 0

Direct development. Zygote to juvenile to adult
Indirect development. Zygote to larva to adult.
Biphasic. Shift between asexual and sexual lifestyle

Question 1

What type of life cycle do all sexually reproducing organisms have?

Answer 1

Diploid

Question 2

What are the unifying features of a fungi?

Answer 2

All chemoheterotrophs

Cell wall made of chiton

Question 3

What are hyphae and what are the two types?

Answer 3

Cellular filaments with nuclei. Coenocitic and septate

Question 4

What is the mycelium?

Answer 4

Feeding network of a fungi

Question 5

What are the advantages of a filamentous body structure?

Answer 5

Increased surface area leads to increased absorption
Fast growth rate
Allows fungi to penetrate small spaces

Question 6

What poloidy are fungal life cycles?

Answer 6

Haploid

Question 7

What serves as the gametes in fungal reproduction?

Answer 7

The nucleus

Question 8

What is the difference between a spore and a gamete?

Answer 8

Spores are capable of developing directly into a new individual while gametes must fuse with another cell before becoming a zygote and developing into a new individual.

Question 9

What process are asexual spores produced by?

Answer 9

Mitosis

Question 10

What process are sexual spores produced by?

Answer 10

Meiosis

Question 11

What type of hyphae do Basidiomycota and ascomycota have?

Answer 11

Septate

Question 12

What kind of hyphae does zygomycota have?

Answer 12

Coenocitic

Question 13

What are the sexual spores in Basidiomycota and ascomycota?

Answer 13

Ascomycota- ascospores

Basidiomycota- basiciospores

Question 14

What are the asexual spores in an ascomycota?

Answer 14

Conidia

Question 15

What poloidy are the ascocarp and Basidiocarp?

Answer 15

Dikaryotic

Question 16

What benefits do the ascomycota get in lichen?

Answer 16

Sugars and fixed nitrogen from the photosynthetic cell

Question 17

What benefits do the photosynthetic cells get in lichen?

Answer 17

They are protected fro, UV Rays and herbivores, they have an increased level of stability and are rooted in one location where there is water.

Question 18

How do lichen reproduce?

Answer 18

They can reproduce independently:
Fungi sexually and photosynthetic cells asexually
Or they can reproduce together through fragmentation or soredia

Question 19

When did the kingdom plantae evolve?

Answer 19

475 to 500 Million years ago

Question 20

What is the closest living relative to the kingdom plantae?

Answer 20

Charophytes

Question 21

What type of lifestyle do charophytes have?

Answer 21

Haploid

Question 22

What are the defining features of a plant?

Answer 22

Alternation of generations 
Multicellular sporangia and gametangia 
Zygote and embryo retained and nourished by maternal tissue
Thick walled non flagellated spores 
Water resistant waxy cuticle

Question 23

What is the dominant lifecycle of plants?

Answer 23

2N generation

Question 24

When did flowering plants originate?

Answer 24

About 140 million years ago

Question 25

What is pollen

Answer 25

Male genetic component covered by a resistant covering

Question 26

What does a seed contain

Answer 26

A. Embryo and food sourc e

Question 27

What is the archegonia?

Answer 27

Produces and houses the egg. One egg per archegonium

Question 28

What is the antheridia

Answer 28

Houses and produces the sperm. Many sperm per antheridium

Question 29

What are the generation to generation stages in the life of a sexually reproducing organism?

Answer 29

Meiosis Fertilization Mitosis

Question 30

What order are the generation to generation life stages in a diploid organism?

Answer 30

Meiosis Fertilization Mitosis

Question 31

What are the generation to generation stages in a haploid life cycle?

Answer 31

Mitosis Mitosis fertilization Meiosis

Question 32

What ploidy is the archegonium in moss?

Answer 32

Haploid

Question 33

What ploidy is the zygote in a moss and ferns?

Answer 33

Diploid

Question 34

What does the integument become?

Answer 34

The seed coat

Question 35

What is the dispersal stage in gymnosperms?

Answer 35

Seeds

Question 36

What does the megasporangium become in a seed?

Answer 36

Food supply

Question 37

What does the megaspores become in a seed?

Answer 37

The embryo

Question 38

Describe the male side of fertilization in gymnosperms

Answer 38

Many microsporocytes-meiosis- many microspores-mitosis- many 4'celled male gametophytes

Question 39

Summarize the events of fertilization in a gymnosperm from the female perspective

Answer 39

One 2N megasporangium-meiosis- 4 1N megaspores (3 degenerate) single surviving megaspores-mitosis- multicellular female gametophyte-mitosis- 2 to 3 archegonia with female gametophyte, each with one egg (1N)