Animal Body Plans Flashcards
What are the four major body plans?
Fluid filled body cavities, protostome and Deuterostome, symmetry and tissue layers
What type of unicellular organism do biologists hypothesize gave rise to the kingdom Anamalia?why?
Choanoflagellates
They have similar morphological features to cells found in sponges, which are the most basal taxon of Anamalia, Anamalia and choanoflagellates are sister groups.
What are some advantages of bilateral symmetry?
Good for directional locomotion, lead to a concentration of nervous tissue in the anterior end
What are some advantages to the mesoderm?
Increased complexity and support, higher aerobic capacity, increased locomotion
What are some advantages t o having a Coelm? L
K
What feature distinguish protostomes from Deuterostomes?
Whether the mouth or anus become the first hole
What are the genres all types of skeletal systems exhibited by organisms?
Endoskeleton
Exoskeleton
Fluid filled hydrostats
Muscular hydro stats
Why do contractile cells need an antagonist. What are some types of antagonists?
Contractile cells can only contract in one direction, need something else to move in more than one direction
Muscle tendons and ligaments
What are the limitations of an exoskeleton?
They can’t be repaired and can’t grown with the animal. Heavy. Not good for large animals
What are the pros of an exoskeleton?
A hollow tune is pretty resistant to breakage and can hold more weigh. All the soft parts are protected.
What are the limitations of an edoskeleton?
Thin rods aren’t very good for support
What are the pros of an endoskeleton?
They can grow and repair
Relatively light weight
Not susceptible to buckling even when large
What type of skeletal system does a crab have?
Rigid exoskeleton
What type of skeleton do humans have?
Endoskeleton
What transits force in a crab?
Rigid parts
What does the ectoderm give rise to?
Nervous system
Body covering
What does the endoderm give rise to?
Gut and digestive tract
What does the mesoderm give rise to?
Muscle and circulatory system, cardiovascular system, skeletal system components
Members of what phylum can move and lobotomies but lack true muscle?
Cnidarians
Members of what phylum lack a nervous system?
Proifera
Name one phylum whose members are radially symmetrical coelomates
None
Name one phylum whose members are bilaterally symmetrical protostomes
Any protostome
Name one phylum whose members are bilaterally symmetrical duederostomes?
Chordata
What is an organism that can obtain energy from light and requires at least one organic nutrient to survive?
Autoheterotroph
