Life cycle assessment Flashcards
What are the three improtant things in sustainability aspects?
Social
ecological
economic
How does the process of life cycle look like?
What are the four areas of focus to inprove the sustainability?
- Information:
- KPI´s, benchmarking, communication, etc.
- People:
- Behaviours, awareness, taining, etc.
- Technology:
- process, design, equipment, etc.
- Resources:
- Material, energy, water, waste, etc.
What different improvment strategies is there for sustainability?
How is the main areas if life cycle assessment data?
alla models are wrong ->> some models are useful
- Goal and scope definition
- Inventory analysid LCI
- Impact assessment LCIA claasification, characterization, normalization, weigting
And in alla this thrre interpretation
What is important when practicing LCA?
- Understand the goal of the study
- Decide on the scope of your model to match 1.)
- Collect and populate your model which quantitive data maching 2.)
What is the ways to find data for LCA?
- Direct observations measurments (labs)
- Models (pysical relations)
- Ducuments (other LCA studies)
- Databases
- Humans (interviews)
Discribe the first step in the LCA analysis? goal and scope
Include the two different studies and functional unit and system boundaries
Goal:
why- reason for the study?
Who- is the audience?
What- product/system?
two types:
- Attributional: LCA of one product with the purpose to access its own environmentak impact
- Consequential: LCA compare alternatives with each other for decisions.
Scope:
-
Functional unit: The volume or mass of the object being assessed and its function e.g. 1m3 od delivered product in 30 years.
- Checklist: verb!, What?, How much?, How well?, Foe how long?
- System boundaries: How far upsream, doenstream and sidestream the analysif goes
The seconf step of LCA analysis LCI, explain what it is
Life cycle ineventory
Data collection:
Raw meterial and energy, products, emissios.. both direct: (machines, transport, material) & indirect: heating, facilities.
Chose allocation keys:
Ex. - machine/quipment time used by a product
- Dedicated area of the product in the facility
- Produced products
How the resources is devided on the products. Different allocation keys ->> different LCI result
important to take all material that is input for the product not anly output.
the third step in LCA analysis LCIA, explain what it is an what is can have in it?
Life cycle impact assessment.
- Abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP)
- Global warming potential (GWP)
It converts greenhourse emissions to kg Co2 equivalents ans sums them. Characterixations factors:- Carbon dioxide = 1,
- Ch4 (methane) = 28
- N2O (Nitrous oxide) = 265
- Other gasses
- Ozone layer depletion potential (ODP)
- Photochemical oxidation potential (POCP)
- Human and eco- toxicity potantial (HTP & ETP)
- Acidification potential (AP)
kg So2 equivalents is used- So2 (sulfurdioxide) =1
- So3 (Sulfare trioxide) = 0,80
- No2 (Nitrogen dioxide) = 0,7
- NH3 (Ammonia) = 1,88
- Eutrophication potential (EP)
The foruth step in LCA that is in all the other steps, interpreation what is that ?
Think about all the dissition made in the process and how it have affected the output:
- Assumptions (functional unit, boundaries)
- Global applications vs local applications
- accuracy (data quality)
- Uncertainity
What is the circular economy ?
REgenerate (shift reawable energy)
Share (share assets)
Optimise (Increse preformance)
Loop (Remanufacture products)
Virtualise (Books, music)
Exchange (Replace old with new technologies)
Regenerative system in which resources input and waste emission and energy leakage are minimised by slowing, closing and narrowing material and energy loops
What is the definition of remanufcturing ?
The process of rebuilding a product, during whick: the product is cleaned, inspected and disassembled; deflictive components are replaced; and the product is reassembles, tested and inspected again to ensure it meets or exceeds newly manufactured product standards.
What is usally the process of remanufacturing?
- Inspection, Identify the malfunctions/ errors
- Clean, Choose right cleaning technology
- Disassembly, Put valueble parts/ component in storage broken parts/components are sent to recyckling
- Storage, Store parts/ components until reassembled storage coasts
- Reporcess, reprocessinf of parts (if neccessary)
- Reassembly, Integration with ordinary manufacturing upgrading product parts/ software
- Final test, function, saftey, quality
What are the drivers for remanufacturing?
Profit:
- Cost reductions
- Customer demands
- New product sales
Environment
- Legalisation
- Moral ant ethical issues
Policy
- Protecting aftermarket
- Protecting brand
- Providing additional aftermarket solutions
Win-Win-Win
