Level of automation

Question 1

What is the definition of level of automation?

Answer 1

The technique, method, or system of operating or controlling a process by highly automatic means, as by electronic devices, reducing human intervention to a minimum.

Question 2

what is dynomo ++ and what four steps is there?

Answer 2

• Method to assess and analyze automation levels
• Goal: chnge levels of automation based on a trigger for change.

1. Pre study
2. Measurment
3. Anlysis
4. Implementation

Question 3

the first step in Dyanmo ++ pre-study what includes in that step?

Answer 3

1. Perform acurrent state analysis relevant aspects such as VSM, CXI, errors.
2. Choose triggers for change (with company) e.g. quality, time
   
   1. Trigger of change:
      
      1. Cost
      2. Ergonomics
      3. Flexibility
      4. Quality
      5. Time

Question 4

The seccond step in Dynamo ++ Measurment what is included in that step?

Answer 4

1. Do a HTA (Hirarchical task analysis) se bild
2. decide Loa for each sub tack (current state) (both congnitive and physical)
3. Present a LoA matrix of the current state (based in sub-tasks LoA)

Question 5

the third sep in Dynamo ++ analysis what is included in that step?

Answer 5

1. Based on trigger(s) for change suggest Min-Max levels for each of the sub-tasks (do seperatelly for cong. and phys. Loa)
2. See where sub-tasks overlao (find square of possible improvments)
3. Suggest Loa solution (LoA(x,y))

Question 6

The forth step in Dynomo ++ is implementation what is included in that step?

Answer 6

Suggest sutomation that can be found in the Loa-solution and present to the company

Question 7

What is cognitive automation and what steps are there?

Answer 7

Informatio & control

Technical solutions helping the operator, e.g. how and what to assamble and situation control.

1. Totally manual- own understanding
2. Decision giving- Get info about what to do, work order
3. Teaching- Get info about how to do, checklist, manual
4. Questioning- Tech questching execution, verification
5. Super vision- Tech calls for attention, alarms
6. Intervene- tech takes over and corrects, thermostats
7. Totally automatic- all info & control is tech, autonomous systems

Question 8

What is physical automation? What are the steps?

Answer 8

Machnical

Technical solutions helping the operator e.g. by making the assembly

1. Totally manual - own work
2. Static hand tool- screwdriver
3. Flexible hand tool- adjustable spanner
4. Automated hand tool- hydraulic bolt driver
5. Static machine/ workstation- automated work, specific task
6. Flexible machine/ work station- machine can have different tasks CNC- machine
7. Totally automatic - machine solves problem itself

Question 9

Why automation?

Answer 9

Used in three areas

• To ensure a more precise execution of a task
• Increase the stability of the output by removing hhumans form repatitive and manotonous tasks
• Breach capacity limits of control tasks and thereby increse speed, efficiency and security

Resons why manual tasks is automated:

• Possibly increase capacity
• Increase productivity
• Reduce personnel need
• Decrease monotous and repetitive tasks for the human
• Introduce a more even and increased product quality

Question 10

What is CXI ?

Answer 10

Complexity index

Gives an index on a station level for now the operator perceives:

• Questionnaire for current state analysis
• 3 problem areas: station design, work variance and distrubande handling
• Simple, complicated, complex

Question 11

What is the irons of automation?

Answer 11

1. Designer errors can be a major source of operationg problems.
2. Designer who tries to eliminate the operator till leaves the operator to do the tasks which the designer cannot think how to automate
   
   1. Manual take over
   2. Monitor
   3. Left-over automation