Life at the Cellular Level

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

Simple to complex - use up energy

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Complex to simple - release energy

Question 3

Chemical reactions of life

Answer 3

Redox reactions
Making/breaking C-C bonds
Internal rearrangements
Group transfers
Condensation/hydrolysis

Question 4

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 4

Formation of ATP or GTP by direct transfer of a phosphoryl group to ADP or GDP from another phosphorylated compound

Question 5

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 5

Electrons transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors (loss of electrons) in redox reactions
Releases energy used to form ATP

Question 6

Amphipathic molecules

Answer 6

Contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts eg. phospholipid bilayer

Question 7

Buffer

Answer 7

An aqueous solution with a highly stable pH

Weak acid or base with its conjugate

Question 8

Configuration

Answer 8

The fixed arrangement of atoms in a molecule (cis/trans etc)

Question 9

Conformation

Answer 9

The precise arrangement of atom in a molecule (free rotation etc)

Question 10

Cilia and flagella

Answer 10

Line the bronchi to remove microbes and debris from lungs

Question 11

Polysaccharides

Answer 11

Polymers of glucose monomers

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

To separate enzymes from the rest of the cell

Question 13

Nucleolus

Answer 13

Round body located in nucleus

Makes rRNA

Question 14

RER and golgi apparatus

Answer 14

Coordinate protein modifications and transport

Question 15

Smooth ER

Answer 15

Mainly breakdown of compounds, or synthesis of some compounds

Question 16

Peroxisomes

Answer 16

For breakdown of long chain fatty acids

Question 17

Membrane

Answer 17

Selective barrier

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes

Question 19

Cytosol

Answer 19

Aqueous component of cytoplasm

Question 20

Role of the cytoskeleton

Answer 20

To provide strength and support, while also allowing for cell motility

Question 21

Endergonic

Answer 21

An increase in free energy (simple to complex)

Question 22

Exorgonic

Answer 22

A decrease in free energy (complex to simple)

Question 23

Alcohol reduction of intermediates

Answer 23

NAD+, particularly in the liver